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The Civil War

The Civil War. 1861 – 1865 . South. North. How did it come to this?. A War to Restore the Union?. Northern Strengths/Weaknesses. Strong industry. Northern factories produced more than 90% of the nation’s manufactured goods. 70% of the nation’s rail lines. Strong navy.

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The Civil War

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  1. The Civil War 1861 – 1865 South North

  2. How did it come to this?

  3. A War to Restore the Union?

  4. Northern Strengths/Weaknesses • Strong industry. • Northern factories produced more than 90% of the nation’s manufactured goods. • 70% of the nation’s rail lines. • Strong navy. • Almost 4 times as many free citizens as the South. • Invading unfamiliar land. • Supply lines were much longer and thus more open to attack.

  5. Southern Strengths/Weaknesses • Fighting a defensive war. • A war for independence. • Strong reason to fight. • Southern soldiers were familiar with the terrain. • Economic weakness. • Few factories for producing weapons. • Political problems. • States’ rights vs. Federal government • Small population in the South. • 9 million citizens; 1/3 of the population is African American.

  6. Antietam – September 17, 1862 • The bloodiest one day battle in American history. • Ended the Confederate army’s first invasion into the North. • General George McClellan – Union • General Robert E. Lee – Confederate • Over 23,000 casualties. • Opportunity for President Lincoln to issue the emancipation proclamation.

  7. Emancipation Proclamation • President Lincoln issued the preliminary in September, 1862, following the Union victory at Antietam. January 1, 1863, is the date of the official issuance. • Freed most slaves in states not under Union control. • Allowed black soldiers to fight for the Union armies. • Made the war about slavery.

  8. Fredericksburg – December, 1862 • At the Rappahannock River in Virginia. • General Ambrose E. Burnside, commanding the Union Army of the Potomac, planned to take the Confederate capital of Richmond. • General Robert E. Lee, in command of the Confederate forces, created a blockade in the town of Fredericksburg. • A significant loss for the Union army. Confederates lost 5,300 men; Union lost 12,600.

  9. Vicksburg – Spring 1863 • General Ulysses S. Grant – Union • Lieutenant General John Pemberton – CS • One of the most brilliant military campaigns of the war. • Grant gained control of the Mississippi River, cutting the Confederacy in half.

  10. Gettysburg – July 1, 2, 3, 1863 • General George Meade – Union • General Robert E. Lee – Confederate • Union forces prevailed after 3 days of fighting. • Lee’s second campaign to the North had failed. • Casualties • 23,000 US • 28,000 CS

  11. “Total War” • Eliminate the support of the civilians, and the Confederate soldiers will run out of resources. • An effort to cripple the local economy. • Waging war on the population of the region; not just the soldiers fighting for that region.

  12. Sherman’s March to the Sea • Began in Atlanta in 1864. • General Sherman and his troops burned towns, pillaged property, and destroyed railroads across the south. • Sherman’s men covered 450 miles in50 days.

  13. Appomattox Courthouse • Final engagement of the war in Virginia. • General Ulysses S. Grant – US • General Robert E. Lee – CS • Lee surrendered to Grant on April 9, 1865.

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