From Nationalism to Sectionalism

1. From Nationalism to Sectionalism Chapter 3, section 1

2. New sense of nationalism • Economy growing rapidly • “Era of Good Feelings” • McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) • Chief Justice John Marshall sided with national government on issue of national bank • Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) • Gave national government sole right to regulate interstate commerce (trade between states) Nationalism and Domestic Policy

3. Adams-Onis Treaty • US acquired Florida and established boundary between Louisiana Purchase and Spanish territory • Allowed American settlers to travel to Oregon for 10 years • Monroe Doctrine • Declared the Americas off-limits to European colonization • Could view further colonization “as dangerous to our peace and safety” Nationalism and Foreign Policy

4. Missouri petitioned to become state • Would upset balance of slave states and free states (11 each) • Missouri Compromise allowed MO to come in as a slave state with Maine which was a free state • Banned slavery in northern part of Louisiana Territory • Sectionalism (belief in a region being more important than the whole) began to emerge Missouri Compromise

5. Jackson ran in a close election and lost to John Quincy Adams • Eventually decided in the House of Representatives • Jackson created the Democratic Party and won the next election because Adams was unpopular • Indian Removal Act • Called for relocation of five Indian nations to Indian Territory (west of Mississippi River) • Trail of Tears • National Bank • Created to regulate state banks • Jackson opposed because thought Constitution didn’t give Congress the authority to create it • State banks made it easier for poor people to get loans • Jackson ordered secretary of treasury to take money out of national bank and deposit into state banks that were conveniently loyal to him Age of Jackson

6. Controversy over powers of federal government vs. state government • 10th Amendment • Northern states and Southern states clashed over tariffs on foreign goods • Northern states liked the tariffs to make northern goods more competitive, but Southerners didn’t like paying more • “Nullification Crisis” when South Carolina rejected the new tariffs and threatened to secede if government tried to enforce • Jackson tried to use military force to collect, but Henry Clay worked out compromise to reduce tariffs for 10 years States Rights

7. Mid-1700s to mid-1800s Industrial Revolution • Steam engines and machines for textiles created in Britain • Made it illegal to leave the country or export a machine • Samuel Slater brought machines to America • Urbanization in the North • Roads, canals, railroads all sprung up • Telegraph was patented by Samuel Morse • Sends messages using electricity through wires • Instant communication The Industrial North

8. Eli Whitney’s cotton gin made large-scale cotton production possible • Separated the seeds from the cotton • Textile industry in the North bought cotton to weave into cloth • Demand from Great Britain for cotton • Slavery grew • 1810: 1 million slaves • 1840: 2.5 million • 1/3 of South’s population Cotton and the South