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How The Internet Works

How The Internet Works. Rachel Akisada & Melanie Kingsley. Overview. ICANN Registrar Domain Name Registration DNS Servers Web Hosting. What ICANN Does. Coordinates unique identifiers across the world Allows us to have predictable results Helps coordinate how IP addresses are supplied

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How The Internet Works

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  1. How The Internet Works Rachel Akisada & Melanie Kingsley

  2. Overview • ICANN • Registrar • Domain Name Registration • DNS Servers • Web Hosting

  3. What ICANN Does • Coordinates unique identifiers across the world • Allows us to have predictable results • Helps coordinate how IP addresses are supplied • Develops policy on the internet’s unique identifiers

  4. What is ICANN? • Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers • Not for profit • Board of Directors • President & CEO • Staff based around the globe • ICANN Ombudsman

  5. Support Organizations • IP addresses • Domain names • Managers of country code top-level domains

  6. Advisory Organizations • Four advisory organizations • Governments and international treaty organizations • Root server operators • Internet security • “At large” community (average internet users)

  7. How it make decisions • Awareness of issue or change • Discuss and produce report for public review • Board receives report • Board discusses the matter • Makes decision • Can be repeated until all parties satisfied

  8. How it is held accountable • Externally • Can be taken to court • Internally • Bylaws • Independent Nominating Committee • Senior staff • Different dispute resolution procedures

  9. Criticisms • The initial way the board was elected • Strays into national and international public policy

  10. Registrar • Organizations that sell domains • Accredited by ICANN • User chooses a registrar to register their domain name

  11. Examples of Registrars • GoDaddy ($11.99) • NameCheap ($9.98) • 1&1($4.99) • Name.com ($9.99)

  12. Resellers • Third party company • Offers domain registration services through a registrar • May not accredited

  13. Domain Names • Websites have numerical IP addresses • Not human friendly • Domain names are easier to remember • Register a domain name to own it

  14. How to register a domain • Think of a unique name • Find a domain name registrar(GoDaddy, Doster, etc.) • Pay for domain name

  15. Who is involved? • Registrant • Registrars • Reseller • Registry Operators • ICANN

  16. DNS Servers • Domain Name System Servers • Database of domain names and IP addresses • Translates a domain name into an IP address • Looks at different servers until the correct address is found

  17. How it Works

  18. Root Name Servers • Looks at Top Level Domain • Returns a list of DNS for the requested TLD • DNS Process

  19. Caching • Contains entries that translate domains into IP addresses • DNS caches on client and ISP • Efficiently keep the internet synchronized • Cache poisoning • Flushing a DNS Cache

  20. Web Hosting • Makes a website accessible via the WWW • Lease server space to the client • Provide Internet connectivity typically in a data center

  21. Hosting Options • Free web hosting (Wordpress.com) • Dedicated hosting service • Colocation Web Hosting Service • Cloud hosting

  22. Top Web Hosts • Dreamhost • Bluehost • GoDaddy • InMotion • SiteGround • iPage • HostGator

  23. Choosing a web host • Need to choose a web host based on your needs • You should consider: • The complexity of your website • Database support • Application Development Platforms

  24. Conclusion • All these things are vital to the internet • ICANN is important to keep things uniform • There is a fluid process for how a website is accessed • Questions?

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