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Center for Beam Physics

Center for Beam Physics. John Corlett Accelerator and Fusion Research Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Presented to the AARD Sub-panel meeting Palo Alto, California December 21, 2005. CBP accelerator R&D activities.

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Center for Beam Physics

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  1. Center for Beam Physics John Corlett Accelerator and Fusion Research Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Presented to the AARD Sub-panel meeting Palo Alto, California December 21, 2005

  2. CBP accelerator R&D activities • CBP provides integrated resources to address accelerator science and technology questions and to extend the limits of performance of accelerators • Accelerator science • Advanced computing and accelerator modeling • Beam electrodynamics • LBEL experimental laboratory (RF, microwave, lasers) • An incubator for new concepts and future initiatives • A history of significant involvement in successful accelerator construction projects (e.g. ALS, PEP-II) • A foundation for support of existing projects and initiatives (e.g. PEP-II, Tevatron, LHC, LARP, ILC) • Capable and responsive to HEP needs

  3. Organization / management Accelerator & Fusion Research Division Center for Beam Physics J. Corlett ES&H Coordinator S. Lidia Business Manager G. Rogers Initiatives/Projects Groups Beam Electro-dynamics J. Byrd Beam Theory M. Furman ILC A. Wolski Accl. Modeling & Adv. Computing R. Ryne Future Light Sources J. Corlett Collider Physics M. Zisman

  4. CBP staff ~50 headcount ~25 FTE

  5. CBP FY06 anticipated funding

  6. Center for Beam Physics has long history of driving tools for accelerator science • = HEP AARD activity • Early SSC beam dynamics • Original ALS concept and design • Two-beam accelerator development and design • Concept of beam conditioning • First study and design of the asymmetric e+e– collider • Initial PEP-II positron ring design • Broad-band, high-gain, multi-bunch feedback systems • “Monochromatic” damped RF cavity design • Concept of optical stochastic cooling and proposed tests at RHIC • Forefront FEL theoretical and numerical research • Concepts for optical manipulation of electron beams • Design and evaluation of NLC - now ILC - damping rings • Early original contributions to g-g collider, m-collider and n-factory designs • Essential beam dynamics concepts (Lie map techniques, symplectic integration, beam-beam and e-cloud dynamics, …)

  7. Center for Beam Physics has long history of driving tools for accelerator science • = HEP AARD activity • Beam impedance calculation and measurement • Collective effects analysis • Electron cloud modeling and benchmarking of codes • Concept and design of LUX ultrafast light source • Concept of ultra-bright electron source • Optimized RF structures for ionization cooling schemes • Ultra-stable optical timing and synchronization systems • High-brightness, high-power RF gun design • Dipole mode “crab” cavity design • Optical diagnostics for high-energy hadron machines • Coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) diagnostics • Advanced computing and highly-parallelized modeling codes • Essential development of algorithms for modeling long-range beam-beam & cathode image effects • Support for Tevatron and PEP-II luminosity improvements

  8. PEP-II damped cavities - essential technology for high intensity storage rings • R&D in monochromatic RF structures • Waveguide damping reduces HOM impedance by up to 1000x

  9. Ionization cooling RF R&D - developing concepts for future facilities • “Pillbox” cavities with high shunt impedance • Thin Be foil (or grid) structures over large aperture • Successful tests up to 40 MV/m achieved (805 MHz)

  10. Hardware for MICE experiment • LBNL responsibilities • Design and fabrication of prototype cavity • Design of superconducting “coupling coil” solenoid • Cooling channel integration Prototype 201 MHz cavity

  11. Ongoing RF structure R&D - “crab” cavities for colliders, applications in LHC, ILC, Super B-factory • Highly damped dipole mode superconducting cavities • Maintain cylindrical symmetry for ease of production Concept - unwanted modes are heavily damped in waveguide

  12. Multi-bunch feedback systems - essential technology for control of high intensity beams e.g. ILC damping rings • Bunch-by-bunch feedback systems control coupled-bunch instabilities • Highly successful implementation in PEP-II and ALS • Upgrades for PEP-II implemented • FPGA technology • Instability studies initiated Feedback kickers installed at PEP-II

  13. 9 cm Expertise in instrumentation led to LARP support - LHC Luminosity Monitor The challenge: • High radiation environment (100 MGy/year) • Real-time diagnostic with bunch-by-bunch capability (25 nsec separation) with 1% resolution The solution: • Segmented, multi-gap, pressurized ArN2 gas ionization chamber constructed of rad hard materials • Prototype built & tested at ALS • Moving into production

  14. Measured pulse response 9 cm Expertise in instrumentation led to LARP support - LHC Luminosity Monitor The solution: • Segmented, multi-gap, pressurized ArN2 gas ionization chamber constructed of rad hard materials • Prototype built & tested at ALS 22 nsec

  15. Application of expertise in optical diagnostics for proton machines - Tevatron, LHC • At TeV energy scales, proton machines start to look more like electron synhcrotrons • Use synchrotron radiation optical diagnostics • Abort gap monitor • Tested at Tevatron • Explored potential use at LHC Microbunches are clearly visible. Diffusion process under study. Gated MCP-PMT bins (2 ns)

  16. Application of expertise in optical diagnostics for proton machines - Tevatron, LHC • At TeV energy scales, proton machines start to look more like electron synhcrotrons • Use synchrotron radiation optical diagnostics • Abort gap monitor • Tested at Tevatron • Explored potential use at LHC Microbunches are clearly visible. Diffusion process under study. Gated MCP-PMT bins (2 ns)

  17. Core expertise enabled LBNL to respond to Tevatron luminosity improvement studies - antiproton beam dynamics • AP2 transfer line • Large beamsize and energy spread • Only ~1% is antiprotons • Chromatic & large amplitude effects • Mismatch between transfer line and debuncher • Developed lattice to improve proton transmission into debuncher • sextupoles • matching x, y phase space at end of AP2

  18. Optical stochastic cooling - potential for technology for proton cooling RHIC parameters: 1hr horizontal and longitudinal cooling time for gold beam requires 16 W of power l = 12 µm Bandwidth ~ 3 THz LDRD test at BNL ATF for Optical Parametric Amplification Optical amplifier is based on 3.5 cm CdGeAs2 crystal with d14=236 pV/m Beam p s i = p - s; kp = ks + ki s p Amplified signal Pump laser Freshly grown crystals at Lockheed Sanders, NH Developments at RHIC, e- cooling proposal at MIT-Bates

  19. NLC damping rings - LBNL responsibility for critical system for linear colliders • Lattice design • Beam dynamics • RF • Impedance • Collective effects • … Growth rate s-1 Coupled bunch mode number

  20. ILC damping rings and bunch compressors - baseline configuration intensively developed by LBNL • Damping rings: lattices and beam dynamics • Continued optimization of lattice designs • Detailed studies of acceptance limitations (e.g. from wiggler) • Detailed studies of collective effects (including space-charge, and coupled-bunch instabilities) • Continued development of software tools for beam dynamics studies in DRs • Damping rings: technical components and subsystems • Continued investigation of low SEY preparations for preventing electron cloud • Development of fast stripline kicker for ATF2 extraction • Specification of vacuum system components to achieve 0.1 ntorr • Cost estimates of different DR options, to inform selection of design for CDR • Bunch compressors • Continued development of multi-stage designs • Detailed performance evaluation of different BC options

  21. Pioneered the field of Electron Cloud Effect (ECE) simulations and analysis - critical capability • Initially developed for PEP-II, now applied to many other machines • Code POSINST developed at LBNL and SLAC and tested at APS and PSR • Continue to be leaders in ECE studies • the ECE is a possible performance-limiting issue • Important potential constraint in many machines • Critical work continues • Relevant to present and future machines (e.g. LHC, ILC, Proton Driver) • Simulations for LHC and SPS • Evaluate ECE power deposition at LHC • Close contact with CERN

  22. Electron cloud simulations - WARP/POSINT self-consistent 3-D simulation tool 1 LHC FODO cell F B B B D B B B beam electrons beam (scaled 10x) Adaptive Mesh Refinement x20,000 speedup T=2s Actual LHC pipe shape/dimensions

  23. Ongoing R&D - electron cloud simulations comparison with experiment, collaboration with HIF-VNL group at LBNL Focus of Current Gas/Electron Experiments INJECTOR MATCHING SECTION ELECTROSTATIC QUADRUPOLES MAGNETIC QUADRUPOLES Current HCX Configuration FLS(2) The magnetic section is heavily instrumented for electron effect studies GIC (2) BPM (3) MA4

  24. (a) (a) (b) (b) (c) (c) experiment simulation Integrated program with theory, simulation, and experimental facility - address physics issues critical to HEP +9kV +9kV +9kV 0V “Roadmap” for self-consistent modeling e- 200mA K+ MA1 MA2 MA3 MA4 WARP-3D T = 4.65s • implemented • in development 200mA K+ • Suite of codes includes new advanced algorithms: • New electron mover • x10-100 speedup • Adaptive Mesh Refinement • x20,000 speedup on LHC run! • Being benchmarked • against HCX expt. data Beam ions hit end plate Electrons bunching Oscillations

  25. AMAC activities support HEP priorities • Modeling beam-beam effects in Tevatron • Modeling strong-strong beam-beam effects in LHC • Collaboration to model FNAL booster • NLC damping ring design using MaryLie to simulate beam dynamics in wiggler magnets • ILC damping ring design using MaryLie/Impact to study space charge effects • Simulations in support of l’OASIS experiments SciDAC presentation by Rob Ryne

  26. CBP AARD activities - summary AARD activities in CBP meet critical needs of HEP • CBP provides an incubator for major developments and new concepts • Multi-disciplinary expertise • Accelerator physics and theory • Advanced computing for accelerator modeling • Beam electrodynamics • Resources • LBEL experimental laboratory HEP accelerator R&D funding is core to maintaining expertise A broad R&D program provides HEP with high-value development of science and technologies for application in short (30%), medium (50%), and long-range (20%) plans • Expertise developed in medium and long-range R&D allows CBP to respond to short-term needs • Foundation for support of existing projects and for future initiatives critical to HEP

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