B ackground/Overview

1. Background/Overview by Dr. Barbara B. Tillett Chief, Policy and Standards Division Library of Congress For iSchool, Drexel February 8, 2011

2. Overview • Influences on RDA • Changing environment • Why not AACR3? • RDA goals and structure • Examples of changes • US RDA Test • Training materials available and workshops being offered to help minimize costs

3. Webcasts (the software for RealPlayer is needed to see and hear these Webcasts, it is available freely on the Internet). • Resource Description and Access: Background / Overview. Speaker: Barbara Tillett. Recorded May 14, 2008. Running time: 67 minutes. Available at: http://www.loc.gov/today/cyberlc/feature_wdesc.php?rec=4320 • Cataloging Principles and RDA: Resource Description and Access. Speaker: Barbara Tillett. Recorded June 10, 2008. Running time: 49 minutes. Available at: http://www.loc.gov/today/cyberlc/feature_wdesc.php?rec=4327 • FRBR: Things You Should Know but Were Afraid to Ask. Speaker: Barbara Tillett. Recorded March 4, 2009. Running time: 57 minutes. Available at: http://www.loc.gov/today/cyberlc/feature_wdesc.php?rec=4554 • RDA: Recursos Descripción y Acceso: Antecedentes y Aspectos de su Implementación. Speaker: Barbara Tillett. In Spanish. Recorded August 13, 2009. Running time: 85 min. Available at: http://www.loc.gov/today/cyberlc/feature_wdesc.php?rec=4736 • AACR2, RDA, VIAF, and the Future: there to here to there. Speaker: Barbara Tillett for the NISO Webinar: “Bibliographic Control Alphabet Soup: AACR to RDA and Evolution of MARC”. Recorded October 14, 2009. Available through October 2010 at: https://www.livemeeting.com/cc/niso/view?id=2JTZCS&pw=B%22f%3F8M8 • Q&A: http://www.niso.org/news/events/2009/bibcontrol09/questions/ • Q&A data also available in Italian: “La minestra di alfabeto del controllo bibliografico:domande & risposte sul cambiamento dalle AACR a RDA e l’evoluzione del MARC” at: http://gumarc21.unicatt.it/ • RDA Changes from AACR2 for Texts. Speaker: Barbara B. Tillett. Recorded January 12, 2010. Running time: 75 minutes (41 minutes of presentation followed by Q&A). Available at: http://www.loc.gov/today/cyberlc/feature_wdesc.php?rec=4863 • RDA Test “Train the Trainer” (Training modules). Presented by Judy Kuhagen and Barbara Tillett, January 15, 2010; Northeastern University, Boston, Mass. Modules 1-9 http://www.loc.gov:8081/bibliographic-future/rda/trainthetrainer.html • RDA: Looking to the Future: Information Systems and Metadata. Speaker: Barbara Tillett. Recorded March 9, 2010. Running time: 54 minutes. Available at: http://www.loc.gov/today/cyberlc/feature_wdesc.php?rec=4967

4. Influences Anglo-American cataloging tradition Paris Principles ISBD FRBR/FRAD Internet Toronto Conference 1997 IME ICC  ICP Web environment collaborations 4

5. Influences Panizzi – 1841 (“91 rules”) • Not just finding list/inventory • Full and complete data • Collocation by authors • References

6. Objects: Find author, title, subject Show given author, given subject, kind of literature Assist in choice edition, literary or topical character Influences – Cutter(1876-1904 eds.)

7. IFLA’s Influence onCataloguing Codes 1961 “Paris Principles” (influenced by Lubetzky and Verona)

8. Anglo-American Tradition 1941 1841 1876 1902 1904 1906 1908 1949 1967

9. More of IFLA’s Influence 1969 – ISBDs • International Standard Bibliographic Description • 2007 Consolidated edition 8

10. AACR2 1978 1988 1998 2002

11. FRBR • IFLA’s Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) • User tasks • Find • Identify • Select • Obtain • Entities, Relationships, Attributes • Mandatory elements for a national level bibliographic record

12. Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD) June 2009 Extends the FRBR model to authority data (Still to come is FRSAD on subject authority data) 27

13. Principles & Glossary 20 languages http://www.ifla.org/en/publications/statement-of-international-cataloguing-principles International Cataloguing Principles (ICP) - 2009 13

14. Internet • Wide range of information carriers • complexity of content • Catalogs are no longer end points in isolation • Global access to data • Integrate bibliographic data with wider Internet environment • Share data beyond institutions • Metadata (bibliographic information) • Created by a wider range of personnel • Within and outside libraries • Element-based metadata schemas • Dublin Core, ONIX, etc.

15. What’s wrong with AACR? • Increasingly complex • Lack of logical structure • Mixing content and carrier data (GMDs) • Not enough support for collocation - inherent relationships missing • Anglo-American centric viewpoint • Written before FRBR • Before Internet and well-formed metadata Based on slide from Ann Chapman, UKOLN

16. Toronto, Canada JSC invited worldwide experts Issues leading to RDA Principles Content vs. carrier Logical structure of AACR Seriality Internationalization 1997 International Conference on the Principles and Future Development of AACR 16

17. JSC and Project Management Team Marjorie Bloss, RDA project manager; Marg Stewart, CCC/ JSC chair; Alan Danskin, BL; John Attig, ALA; Barbara Tillett, LC; Deirdre Kiorgaard, ACOC; Hugh Taylor, CILIP; Nathalie Schulz, JSC secretary; Tom Delsey, editor 49

18. AACR3

19. IFLA - Principles, Conceptual models, ISBD/ISSN ONIX (Publishers) – types of content, media, carriers Dublin Core, IEEE/LOM, Semantic Web, W3C “Data Modeling Meeting” - London 2007 RDA/MARC Working Group (MARBI) JSC Collaborations with other Metadata Communities

20. Other Collaborations Law Library community Treaties Hebraica and Religion Teams at LC Bible proposals Mss/Archives experts at LC (Mss. Div., NUCMC, American Folklife Center, Rare Books) DACS Music Div and Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Div., MLA AMIM2 and Ch.6 proposals for music Prints & Photographs Division CCO Geography and Maps Divisions at LC

22. GOALS: RDA will be … • A new standard for resource description and access • Designed for the digitalworld • Optimized for use as an online product • Description and access of all resources • All types of content and media • Resulting records usable in the digital environment (Internet, Web OPACs, etc.) 22

23. RDA – The Goals Rules should be easy to use and interpret Be applicable to an online, networked environment Provide effective bibliographic control for all types of media Encourage use beyond the library community Be compatible with other similar standards Have a logical structure based on internationally agreed principles Separate content and carrier data Examples – more of them, more appropriate slide Ann Chapman, UKOLN

25. RDA Structure General introduction Identifying Elements (Entities and their attributes) Relationships Appendices Capitalization, Abbreviations, Initial articles, etc. Presentation (ISBD, MARC, etc.) Relationship designators Etc. Glossary and Index

26. General Principles (ICP) • Consistency and Standardization • Integration • Defensible, not arbitrary • If contradict, take a defensible, practical solution. • Convenience of user • Representation • Common usage • Accuracy • Sufficiency and necessity • Significance • Economy

27. Transcription – Principle of Representation in RDA “Take what you see” as option in RDA Correction of inaccuracies elsewhere No more abbreviating Accept what you get Facilitating automated data capture 27

28. Sample Changes from AACR2 Transcribed data (macros and templates) Option to keep rule of 3 e.g., “[and five others]” – no more “… et. al.” First place of publication is “core” “Place of publication not identified” – not “s.l.” “Publisher not identified” – not “s.n.” “Date of publication not identified” 28

29. RDA Element Analysis • RDA element (domain: manifestation) • Title • Title proper • Parallel title • Other title information • Variant title • Earlier variant title • Later variant title • Key title • Abbreviated title • Devised title • element • element sub-type • element sub-type • element sub-type • element sub-type • element sub-type • element sub-type • element sub-type • element sub-type • element sub-type 29

30. RDA elements “Core” Media, Carrier, and Content Types to replace GMDs Other examples of new elements: File characteristics for digital materials Video format characteristics Custodial information for archival resources Braille characteristics 30

31. New Terminology from IFLA AACR2 terms Heading Added Entry Authorized heading See references Uniform title RDA terms Access point Access point Authorized access point Variant access point Preferred title Name of the work (to include name of creator when applicable) 31

32. Database/format Scenarios Based on Gordon Dunsire’s slide Bib record (flat-file) Z 666.7 .L55 2009 Lee, T. B. Cataloguing has a future 1 sound disc Spoken word. Donated by the author. 1. Metadata

33. Database/format Scenarios Based on Gordon Dunsire’s slide Bib record (flat-file) 100 01 $a Lee, T. B. 245 00 $a Cataloguing has a future 300 $a 1 sound disc 500 $a Spoken word. 561 1 $a Donated by the author. 650 0 $a Metadata

34. Database/format Scenarios Based on Gordon Dunsire’s slide FRBR registry (IFLA) Future record RDA element registry FRBR record Bib record (flat-file) Bib record (description) Work information Name authority record Author: Lee, T. B. Title: Cataloguing has a future Name: Work title: Cataloguing has a future Identifier: … Content type: Spoken word Expression information Carrier type: Audio disc Subject authority record Subject: Metadata Manifestation information Provenance: Donated by the author Label: Identifier: … ONIX RDA content type registry Item information Label: Spoken word Identifier: … RDA carrier type registry

35. Linked Data Work information Name authority record Author: Subject: Name: Lee, T. B. Work Title: Cataloguing has a future Cataloguing has a future Identifier: … Expression information Subject authority record Content type: Manifestation information Metadata Label: Title: Cataloguing has a future Identifier: … Carrier type: RDA content type registry Item information Provenance: Donated by the author Label: Spoken word RDA carrier type registry Identifier: … Audio disc

36. Package for Data Sharing Communication format record Work information Name authority record Author: Subject: Name: Lee, T. B. Lee, T. B. Work Title: Cataloguing has a future Cataloguing has a future Identifier: … Expression information Content type: Subject authority record Manifestation information Metadata Metadata Label: Title: Cataloguing has a future Identifier: … Carrier type: RDA content type registry Item information Provenance: Donated by the author Label: Spoken word Spoken word Identifier: … RDA carrier type registry Audio disc Audio disc

37. Package for displays Future display ( ) Author: Lee, T. B. Content type: Spoken word Title: Cataloguing has a future Carrier type: (Audio disc) 37

38. Internet “Cloud” Databases, Repositories Services VIAF LCSH Web front end 38

39. http://www.rda-jsc.org/

40. U.S. RDA Test Timeline • June 2010 ALA released RDA Toolkit • June-Aug.31 ALA allowed free access to RDA Toolkit to everyone who registered • June-Sept. 30 U.S. testers were training and had time to practice • Oct. 1-Dec. 31 U.S. test of RDA • Jan.-Mar. 2011 analysis of test results and decisions by U.S. national libraries (expected by June 2011) 40

41. Preparing to use RDA MARC 21 format adjustments in local ILS Local decisions on RDA alternatives/ options Local decision on which elements to include beyond the RDA Core elements Templates and macros set up for standard data Practice time and discussions after basic training 41

42. Results of the Test • Surveys for cataloger’s experience and costs • Feedback on user reaction to records built on RDA instructions • To help inform future adjustments to RDA • To help improve the IFLA models and principles • Test records http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/RDAtest/rdatestrecords.html 42

43. Summary User-oriented models (FRBR/FRAD) Collocate works/expressions Identify resources through specific elements (attributes) and relationships Internationalization Cost reduction through increased sharing of data Across information communities 43

44. Summary Principle-based rules (ICP) Cataloger’s judgment (User-focused) Take what you see for transcribed data (Representation) Add controlled vocabularies for precision of searching Facilitate harvesting and sharing of descriptive metadata Less rigid, more flexible 44

45. Thank you! 45

46. Acronyms and Links • DC – Dublin Core • DCMI – Dublin Core Metadata Initiative http://dublincore.org/ • DCAM – Dublin Core Abstract Model http://dublincore.org/documents/2007/04/02/abstract-model/ • FRAD – Functional Requirements for Authority Data http://www.ifla.org/VII/d4/wg-franar.htm • FRBR – Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (this site includes a Webliography) http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr.htm • IFLA – International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions http://www.infla.org • JSC – Joint Steering Committee for Development of RDA http://www.rda-jsc.org/ • RDA – Resource Description and Access http://www.rda-jsc.org/rda.html 46

47. Other Help • ALA Publishing URL for RDA Toolkit: http://www.rdatoolkit.org/ • RDA Toolkit demo: http://www.rdatoolkit.org/training/guidedtour • US RDA Test, General information: http://www.loc.gov/bibliographic-future/rda/ • Library of Congress Documentation for the RDA Test (training materials and decisions for test on RDA options): http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/RDAtest/rdatest.html 47