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Trauma Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

What are Trauma

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Trauma Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

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    1. Trauma & Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Ichiro Nakagawa, Ph.D. Mie University

    2. What are Trauma & Traumatic Events?

    3. DSM-IV Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Forth Edition, Published by American Psychiatric Association (1994) DSM-IV TR (Text Revision) 2000

    4. Trauma <Definition by DSM-IV> The person has been exposed to a traumatic event in which both of the following have been present: the person experienced, witnessed, or was confronted with an event or events that involve actual or threatened death or serious injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of oneself or others. 2. the person's response involved intense fear, helplessness, or horror.

    5. Traumatic Events and Experiences From DSM-IV (309.81 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder) Traumatic events that are experienced directly include, but are not limited to the followings.

    6. Traumatic Events and Experiences military combat violent personal assault (sexual assaults, physical attack, robbery, mugging) being kidnapped being taken hostage terrorist attack Torture

    7. Traumatic Events and Experiences Continued incarceration as a prisoner of war or in a concentration camp natural or manmade disasters severe automobile accidents being diagnosed with a life-threatening illness

    8. Traumatic Events and Experiences Witnessed events observing the serous injury unnatural death of another person due to violent assaults accidents war disaster unexpectedly witnessing a dead body or body parts

    9. Traumatic Events and Experiences Events experienced by others that are learned violent personal assaults serious accident serious injury experienced by a family member or a close friend leaning about the sudden, unexpected death of a family member or a close friend or learning that one’s child has a life-threatening disease

    10. II. Common Reactions to Traumatic Experiences

    11. II. Common Reactions to Traumatic Experiences “Traumatic Stress Reactions” “Normal reactions to an abnormal situation” “Resiliency” Positive outcomes of traumatic experiences Different Reactions to traumatic events (Cognitive, emotional, physical, interpersonal)

    12. Cognitive Reactions shock worry confusion disbelief dissociation intrusive thoughts memory impairment impaired concentration

    13. Emotional Reactions fear anger guilt grief sadness helplessness hopelessness emotional numbing

    14. Physical Reactions fatigue exhaustion tremor insomnia physical pain hyper-arousal startle response gastrointestinal problems decreased immune function

    15. Interpersonal Reactions social withdrawal poor impulse control overprotectiveness increased relational conflicts sense of alienation and abandonment altruism (urge to help others)

    16. Normal Responses to a traumatic event

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