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Site Planning and Layout

Site Planning and Layout. In the design phase of a facility, fire protection requirements are considered in the site layout Water supply, traffic and transportation conditions, fire department access, and building exposures. Water Supply and Use .

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Site Planning and Layout

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  1. Site Planning and Layout • In the design phase of a facility, fire protection requirements are considered in the site layout • Water supply, traffic and transportation conditions, fire department access, and building exposures

  2. Water Supply and Use • Building designer should anticipate the needs of both the fire department and automatic extinguishing systems • Provide an adequate supply of water at an adequate residual pressure.  • Cities may not be able to supply a sufficient amount of water at required pressures to every part of the city • May need to be boosted by pumps located on fire department apparatus or the buildings • Water pressure for high rise buildings 

  3. Traffic and Transportation • Time • Traffic conditions • Access to buildings • Fire Department Access • Exterior accessibility - fire department apparatus from all sides

  4. Exposure From Other Buildings • External fire hazards to neighboring structures • Radiation and convection  • Factors Influencing Severity of Exposure • Temperature and duration • Exposing Fire • Type of construction of exterior walls and roofs • Width of exposing fire • Height of exposing fire • Percent of openings in exposing wall area • Exposed Building • Type of construction of exterior walls and roofs • Orientation and surface area of exposed exterior walls • Percent of openings in exterior wall area • Protection of openings

  5. Exposure Protection • Reference on Exposure Protection: • NFPA 80A, Recommended Practice for Protection of Buildings from Exterior Fire Exposures

  6. Building Electrical Systems • As part of the building design, consideration must be taken with regards to electrical systems and equipment • Number of structure fires per year due to electrical equipment: • Electrical Distribution Equipment: 40,350 • Appliance or Tool: 11,110 • Heating Equipment: 5,830 • Cooking Equipment: 5,210 • Air-Conditioning or Refrigeration Equipment: 3,890

  7. Sources for Fires • Human Errors That Contribute to Fires • Lack of Maintenance • Improper Use • Carelessness or Oversight • Electrical Arcing • Electrical Heating

  8. Electrical Safeguards • Grounding • Guarding • Over current Protection • Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters

  9. NEC Hazard Classifications • Class I: Flammable Gases & Vapors • Division 1 • Division 2 • Class II: Combustible Dusts • Division 1 • Division 2 • Class III: Ignitable Fibers • Division 1 • Division 2

  10. Hazard Classifications • How are the hazard classifications used in industry? • How do “explosion proof wiring and electrical components work? • How would I select electrical equipment that is planned for use in a hazardous location?

  11. Codes and Standards • NFPA 70: National Electrical Code • OSHA Standards • State and local electrical safety/building codes • Chicago Electrical Code • Alaska Electrical Code • ANSI/IEEE: National Electrical Safety Code • U.S. electrical industry and communications utility field

  12. National Electrical Code Format • Chapter 1 General • Article 100 — Definitions • Article 110 — Requirements for Electrical Installations • Chapter 2 Wiring and Protection • Articles 200 – 299 • Chapter 3 Wiring Methods • Articles 300 – 399 • Chapter 4 Equipment for General Use • Articles 400 – 499 • Chapter 5 Special Occupancies • Articles 500 – 599 • Chapter 6 Special Equipment • Articles 600 – 699 • Chapter 7 Special Conditions • Articles 700 – 799 • Chapter 8 Communications Systems • Articles 800 – 899 • Chapter 9 Tables

  13. OSHA Electrical Safety Standards • 1910 Subpart S: Electrical • 1910.301 - Introduction. • 1910.302 - Electric utilization systems. • 1910.303 - General. • 1910.304 - Wiring design and protection. • 1910.305 - Wiring methods, components, and equipment for general use. • 1910.306 - Specific purpose equipment and installations. • 1910.307 - Hazardous (classified) locations. • 1910.308 - Special systems. • 1910.399 - Definitions applicable to this subpart. • Subpart S Appendix A - Reference Documents

  14. OSHA Electrical Standards • 1910.302(a)Scope • OSHA standards under Subpart S cover electrical installations and utilization equipment installed or used within or on buildings, structures, and other premises, including: • Yards; • Carnivals; • Parking and other lots; • Mobile homes; • Recreational vehicles; • Industrial substations; • Conductors that connect the installations to a supply of electricity; and • Other outside conductors on the premises.

  15. OSHA Electrical Standards • 1910.302(b)Extent of application • Certain standards apply to certain applications based upon when they were designed and/or installed

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