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European Exploration & Expansion

European Exploration & Expansion . 1450-1650. Questions. Identify and explain the causes of European expansion, including (A) key motives for exploration, and (B) other factors that helped to fuel it. Identify the technological developments that enabled European expansion.

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European Exploration & Expansion

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  1. European Exploration & Expansion 1450-1650

  2. Questions • Identify and explain the causes of European expansion, including (A) key motives for exploration, and (B) other factors that helped to fuel it. • Identify the technological developments that enabled European expansion.

  3. People Identifications: Identify the key contribution(s) and country for whom each worked. • Prince Henry “the Navigator” • Bartholomew Diaz • Vasco da Gama • Pedro Alvares Cabral • Christopher Columbus • Amerigo Vespucci • Ferdinand Magellan • John Cabot • Jacques Cartier • Hernando Cortés • Francisco Pizarro

  4. Europe and the World After Columbus What effect did overseas expansion have on the conquered societies, on enslaved Africans, and on world trade?

  5. Spanish Settlement & Indigenous Population  • 16th c. ≈200k Spaniards settle in New World • est. cattle ranches, sugar plantations, silver mines • encomienda system = Amerindians labor for Spaniards • de facto slavery • high death rate WITH DEATHS OF AMERINDIANS, WHERE WILL THE SPANISH FIND LABORERS?

  6. The Atlantic Slave Trade (height in 18th c.) 1650-1870: 10 million African slaves brought to Americas

  7. Slavery • slavery in Europe predates Atlantic slave trade • slaves from Balkans, Thrace, southern Russia, central Anatolia (mostly white) WHY, THEN, DID EUROPE TURN TO AFRICA? Ottoman capture of Constantinople (1453): halted flow of white slaves

  8. Sugar & Slavery •  demand for sugar in 15th c. • sugar plantations est. 1st in Atlantic islands close to Europe  African slaves brought in • later this pattern was transferred to the Caribbean

  9. Columbian Exchange

  10. Spain’s Golden Century (16th c.) • Major cause: New World silver • Why it ended: price revolution = inflation • Debate over reason for inflation: • Flood of silver?? • Unable to keep up with rising demand • pop.  (demand ) • new American colonies (demand ) • 1492 expulsion of Jews & Muslims (supply ) • Price revolution spreads to all Europe (1560-1600)

  11. The Global Economy: 3 Commercial Empires • Portuguese (16th c.) • Indian Ocean sea empire • Brazil - sugar • Spanish (16th c.) • New World land empire • Philippines sea empire – silk trade • Dutch (1650-1700) • Indonesian spice trade ***1570-1630: worldwide commercial boom***

  12. Portuguese Empire, at maximum extent, 16th c.

  13. Spanish Empire in 1770

  14. Dutch Colonies, 17th c.

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