URUHARE RW’ABANYAPOLITIKI MU GUSENYA NO KUBAKA IGIHUGU

1. AMATEKA Y’IMIYOBORERE MU RWANDA: URUHARE RW’ABANYAPOLITIKI MU GUSENYA NO KUBAKA IGIHUGU Dr. HABUMUREMYI Pierre DamienGabiro, kuwa 11 Ukwakira 2013

2. Intangiriro Kugaragazauruhare rw’ubuyobozin’imiyoborere mu bihebitandukanye mu gusenya no kubaka u Rwanda • Isokoy’ikiganiro • Igitabonanditsekumiyoborere mu Rwanda: • “RWANDA: BUILDING A MODEL NATION-STATE, ApidamEdiciones, 2013” • Ikigitabonahisemokugishyiraahagaragarauyumunsingokibeumusanzuwanjye mu gushimangiragahundaya “NdiUmunyarwanda”. Intego y’iki kiganiro

3. IGICE CYA MBERE: RWANDA RUGARI RWUNZE UBUMWE MBERE Y’UBUKOLONI • U Rwanda rwamberey’umwadukow’abakolonirwarirugarikurushaukorumezeuyumunsi. • UhereyekumusoziwaGasabo U Rwanda rwagiyerwagukakugeraubwoAbazungubarwambuyezimwe mu Ntarazarwo mu mwakawa 1885 (Berlin conference). • Intara u Rwanda rwambuweniBufumbira, NdorwanaMpororozometswekuriUganda; Rucuru, Bunyabungon’IjwizashyizwekuriCongo Mbiligi (RDC).

4. Ikaritaigaragazauko u Rwanda rwanganagamberey’abakoloni

5. UBUMWE BW’ABANYARWANDA MBERE Y’UBUKOLONI U Rwanda kuvarwashingwakugezakukiswe “revolution sociale” yomuri 1959 rwayoborwagan’Abamibakomoka mu muryangow’Abanyiginya. Abanyiginyanibumwe mu mokogakondo 18 yarangagaAbanyarwanda Hashingiwekumitererey’imirimoy’imiberehoayamokogakondo 18 yagabanyijwemoibice 3: 1. Abatutsi: Bari abatunzib’inka. Inkayariikimenyetsocy’ubukire. 2. Abahutu: Bari abahinzi. 3. Abatwa: Bari abantubatungwagacyanecyanen’ububumbyi no guhiga. NB: AMOKO GAKONDO 18 AKURIKIRA: 1. Abasinga 7. Abazigaba 13. Abagesera 2. Abasindi 8. Ababanda 14. Abanyiginya 3. Abega 9. Abacyaba 15. Abungura 4. Abashambo 10. Abatsobe 16. Abakono 5. Abaha 11. Abashingo 17. Abanyakarama 6. Abasita 12. Abongera 18. Abenengwe

6. Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda mbere y’Ubukoloni (Con’d) • Harihoubumwebutajegajega mu Rwanda. • Umwamiyariipfundory’ubumwebw’Abanyarwanda. • Abanyarwandabosebibonagankarubandarw’umwamikandinaweakamenya ko umwamiagirwa n’ingaboze. • Bari bahuriyeku moko gakondo, ururimi, umuco, imyemerere n’imitunganyirize y’inzegoz’ubutegetsi, z’umubano, ubukungu, imiturire n’agacirok’ibintu. • Ntantambarahagatiy’amokoyigezeibaho. • Abanyarwandabagiragaumutwew’ingabobahuriyeho. • Ntagacek’abahutu, abatutsicyangwaabatwakabagaho. • Amokoyoseyagaragaraga mu mirimoitandukanyeijyanye n’imiyoborere n’imihango y’Igihugu. • Abanyarwandabemeraga ko ari bene Kanyarwanda ka Gihangabafiteinkomokoimwe.

7. Ukoubutegetsibwaribuhuriwehon’Abanyarwanda • Ku rwegorw’Igihugu: • Umwami, • Umugabekazi, • Abiru, • Umutwarew’Ingabo, • Abapfumu, • Abacurabwenge, • Abajyanama. • Ku rwegorw’Intara • Umutwarew’Ingabo • Umutwarew’Umukenke • Umutwarew’Ubutaka • Ibisongabyungirizwagan’abatwareb’Imisozi • Ku rwegorw’umuryango • Umukuruw’umuryangoakabumbaibyobyose. Ku rwegorw’inzu • Umukuruw’Inzu RUBANDA(Abahutu, Abatwan’Abatutsi)

8. Bimwe mu bitari shyashya Intambara zo gusimburana ku butegetsi hagati y’ibikomangoma (Rucunshu).

9. Uruhare rw’abakoloni mu guteranya Abanyarwanda

10. Uruhare rw’abakoloni mu guteranya Abanyarwanda (Con’d) • Abakolonibambuyeumwamiububashayariafite. • Basimbuyeumwami mu bubasha no mu cyubahiro, kunyaga no kugaba; • Bavanyehoubwiru n’umucow’umuganura. • Bashenyeubunyarwandaibyariibyiciroby’imiberehobabigiraubwoko. • Bashyizehoimipakamishya y’u Rwanda bararugabanya.

11. Bazanye ikiboko na shiku. • Bashyizeho n’ibuku irimo amoko. • Bashyizeho umusoro; • Bashenye imyemerere y’abanyarwanda, imigenzo n’imiziririzo

12. Umurongo w’Ubukoloni: Ubutumwa Caridinari Lavigerie yandikiye Abapadiri Bera mu 1900 burabigaragaza Abategetsi (Abatutsi)bafiteububashabwatumaijambory’Imanarikwirakwira. Ni ngombwarerokodufatanyanabokugirangobadufahegukwirakwizaijambory’Imana. Kalibwami, Le Catholicisme et la sociétéRwandaise, 1991, p.177. IbibyatumyeAbakolonibafataabatutsink’abantubadasanzwekobafitanyeisanon’abazungubarabatonesha

13. Abatutsiniubwokobutandukanyecyanen’abahutu, kandibafiteinkomokoyihariye. Bakababafiteimbutoyokuyoboraitagirwan’abahutu. Nibobakwiyekwifashishwakugerakunyunguz’ubukoloni. • Bishop Classe’s Letter to Governor Mortehan • “If we want to position ourselves at the practical point of view and seek the country’s interest, we have in the Mututsi youth an incomparable element of progress, which no one who knows Rwanda can underestimate”. -de Lacger, Rwanda, pp.22-23

14. MusenyeriPeraudin mu ibaruway’igisiboyokuwa 11/2/1959 yashimangiyekoabahutubakwiyekwigaranzuraubutegetsibw’abatutsiakabaarinabobagirauruharekubyizaby’igihugukuberaubwinshibwabo.

15. mythe hamitique • Ubutugetsi bw’Abakoloni bwubakiye kuri mythe hamitique butonesha ubwoko bw’abatutsi (uburezi, imyanya y’ubuyobozi). • Hagati ya 1926-1932 Resident Mortehan na Guverini Voisin bakoze amavugurura, abatware b’ingabo, ab’umukenke n’ab’ubutaka basimbuzwa umwe rukumbi bigizayo abatware b’abahutu n’abatwa bari mu buyobozi.

16. Mutara wa III Rudahigwa mu mpinduramatwara ya politike mu Rwanda • Hagatiya 1940-1948, UmwamiRudahigwayigaruriyeisuray’Ubwamiyiheshan’icyubahiroatinyukaubutegetsibw’Abakolonikugezan’ahoashakakubwipakurura. • Yumvisekoagombakugirauruhare mu miberehomyizay’Abanyarwanda.(gucaubuhake, gutegekaigabana, kwoherezaabanyeshurikwigahanzentavangura, gucainkuke… • Ibi byatumyeAbakolonibarekagutoneshaabatutsiahubwobatangiragushyigikiraabahutubashaka no kubasimbuzaabatutsi (ResidantLogiest na MusenyeriPéraudin. • Mu mwakawa 1956 bamwe mu banyabwengeb’abahutubatangiyegusabakoibyakandamizagaabahutubivanwaho(Hutu manifesto of March, 23,1957)

17. Habayeho kutumvikana kw’abanyabwenge b’abahutu n’ab’abatutsi, aho abatutsi bashyiraga imbere ikibazo cy’ubwigenge ibibazo bindi bikazakemuka nyuma; n’aho ab’abahutu bashyiraga imbere ko hakwiye kubanza gukemura ikibazo cyo gukemura ubusumbane no gusaranganya ubutegetsi indepandanse ikaza nyuma.Batinyaga ko abatutsi bazabihererana abazungu bagiye.

18. Iyo abahagarariye impande zombi bashobora kumvikana ku bibazo byavugwaga bakemera kudatsimbarara buri wese ku byo yifuzaga ahubwo bakemera kugira icyo bigomwa, ntabwo u Rwanda rwari kuba rwaragize ibibazo nk’ibyo rwagize kuva muri 1959. • Akanama kashyizweho n’Umwami Rudahigwa kagizwe n’abatutsi 8 n’abahutu 8 kagiyeho amazi yararenze inkombe kuko kubera inkunga y’Ababiligi abahutu bari bamaze kugira imbaraga, ku buryo babujije inyumwa zabo kumvikana kugabana ubutegetsi.

19. Amashyakamenshiyariashingiyekumoko no kubwirondenayoyabigizemouruhare (MDR PARMEHUTU N’APROSOMA). • Itangary’UmwamiRudahigwakuburyobutunguranyekandibudasobanutsei Bujumbura kuitalikiya 25/7/1959 naryobyatumyeimpinduka mu gihuguzihuta.

20. AbayobozibaKiliziyaGatolikabasabaabayobokebabokwirindaishyakarya UNAR kukobavugagakoariishyakary’Abakomunisite. • Ikubitwarya Dominique MbonyumutwawarishefuwaNdiza (1/11/1959) “n’insoresorez’abatutsi” ryabayeurwitwazorwogutwikiraabatutsi mu gihugu hose no gutumabahungaaribenshinyumayokwicaabarenga 20.000.

21. Coup d‘Etat de Gitaramayabayekuwa 28/1/1961. Yitabiriwen’abajyanamabarenga 2800 baturutse mu Rwanda hose babifashijwemon’ubutegetsibw’Ububiligi • ( Col. Logiest). Iyi coup d’Etatniyoyabayeintangiriroy’ubutegetsibwikubiwen’agatsikok’abahutubibumbiyemuri MDR ParmehutunaAprosoma, bakurahoUmwami, Karingan’ubutegetsibwaCyami.

22. Icyiswe revolution ya 1959 yari kuba revolution iyo iharanira inyungu z’Abanyarwanda bose,ikanasangiza ubutegetsi Abanyarwanda bo mu moko yose n’amashyaka yose igaha abaturage bose ituze ntawuhutajwe cyangwa ngo avutswe uburenganzire bwe. Muri icyo gihe twabuze nka ba Mandela babasha kurenga ibyabatandukanyaga bagashyira imbere inyungu z’igihugu kandi bakababarira.

23. U Rwanda niigihugukimwekirimobibiri. Abatuyeibibihuguntacyobahuriyeho. Ntibahujeimico! Ababituyebamezenk’abavaahantubatandukanyecyangwaabaturageb’imigabaneitandukanye!” IGICE CYA III: Gusenyuka k’ubumwe bw’abanyarwanda muri Repubulika ya I&II • Ideologiembiy’umuyoboziigiraingarukambikugihugun’abagituye. • “Igihugun’ibikirimoniiby’abahutukukoaribobanyarwandab’ukuri” • UkoInyenzizateraganikoabatutsibasigaye mu gihugubatotezwaga. • Kwirukana no kumeneshaabatutsi mu kazi no mu mashuricyanecyaneayisumbuye na kaminuza Ugushyingo ku wa 27/11/1959

24. Habyarimana nawe yarwanyaga icyahuza Abanyarwanda “Nzabahorera” “Nzazambikaziberwe,hanyumazimanuke” “ubwiyunge bw’Abanyarwandantibushobokarubandanyamwinshi ( Abahutu) itabigizemouruhare.Impamvuniukoabatutsibatibonank’abatuye akarere.abahutubagombagushyirahamwengobirindeicyoaricyocyosecyashakakubasubizakungoyiyagihakenagikolonize”

25. Abatutsibategetse u Rwanda bakoreshejekubeshya, koariibimanuka, kobavukanyeimbuto….Revolution yomuri 1959 yemejekoabahutuaribobayobora u Rwanda kuberakoaribobenshi. Abatutsibishongorakobahutubagombakumenyakoharamutsehabayeimvururuaribobamberezizagira ho ingaruka. (1976)

26. Ahokubahaagacek’ubutakabwacu, ukokabakanganakose, tuzemeraturwanekugerakuwanyumamberey’ukoigihugucyacugisubirakungomay’ubutegetsibwacyami! Abatutsibarashakakugaruraubundibuhakekugirangobigarurire aka karere. ( 1/10/1990)

27. U Rwanda ruruzuyenk’ikirahuregisendereyeamazi. Ntahotwabonatubashyira. Ntabyogukomezakwitwazaubuhunzi. Bazakeubwenegihuguahobarimuri Uganda naZayire. Ubwonibwobezemererwakuza mu gihugunabwoigihekigufibajegusurabenewabo. ( Interview with Le Soir, 4.10.1990

28. Hagiyeho system ya quota. Abahutubagombagaguhabwaimyanya 85% mu mashuricyangwa mu kazi, abatutsibagahabwa 14% nahoabatwabagahwabwa 1%. • Hongeweingufu mu irondakarere (Nduga-Kiga). • HashyizwehoPolitiki y’Akazu. • Kujya mu ngabobyasigayeariakarimak’abakigahashyirwahon’uburyobwokubuzaabasirikareb’Abahutukurongoraabatutsikazi. • Ingeroz’ivangura: Hagatiya 1978-1990 PerefegiturayaGisenyi, Ruhengerina Kigali byahaweingengoy’imariinganana 51% by’ingengoy’imarirusangey’igihugucyose.

29. Mu mashurintihabagahogutsindaahubwohabagahokwemererwa. Urugero: Mu 1989 mu cyariPerefegiturayaGisenyibagombagakubonaimyanya 649 bakurikijeumubarew’abaturage. Babahayeimyanya 1045 ubwobarengejehoimyanya 396 kuyobarikubona! Butarebagombagakubonaimyanya 836. Babonye 696. Ubwobabatwayeimyanya 140!

30. 1981-82 muriPerefegiturayaButare, abatutsibaribatsindiyekujya mu mashuriyisumbuyebari 44, hemerewe 6 gusa. By’umwiharikomuriKominiyaHuyehatsinzeAbatutsi 21 hemererwaumwe. • Burusezabajyagakwigahanze, ku ma Perefegitura 10, Gisenyiyariyihariye 39.2%. Abatutsiborwosebyariinzozi! Nabageragezagakuzishakirakubundiburyokubonaimpapuroz’inzirabyaribikomeye ! • Mu ishuriRikururyaGisirikare, abatutsibari 1.6%. • Ku bayobozib’Ibigo 62, GisenyinaRuhengeribaribafite 60%. • Mu masosiyete 15 yariakomeye mu Rwanda, abatutsibari 4.5%! • Ku Badepite 70 u Rwanda rwarirufite, Abatutsibari 2! • Ku bayobozibaPerefergitura na makominikubonaumututsiharimoumututsiumwe. • Kubona n’umwanyaw’ubuyobozi mu madininabyobyashingiragaku moko. Muri makeubushobozintacyobwaribuvuze.

31. Itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi Ngiyegutegura Apolalypse

32. “Umwazinyakuriniumututsiariuri mu gihugucyangwahanzey’igihuguw’intagondwauhoraashakaubutegetsi, akabaatarigezeyemeranarimwekugezanan’ubu revolution yomuri 1959 ndetsen’ibyitso bye biri mu mpunziz’abatutsibari mu gihugun’abahutubatishimiyeubutegetsi, inkorabusaz’imbere mu gihugu no hanzendetsen’abanyamahangabarongoyeabatutsikazi” ( Definition y’umwanziyatanzwenaMinisiteriy’Ingabokuwa 21/9/1992)

34. Uruhare rw’abize mu gutegura jenoside Mperutsekubwiraumuntuwariunyirasehongoniza PL. Ndamubwiranti : "ikosatwakozemuri 59, nubwonariumwana, nukotwabaretsemugasohoka". Mubazanibaatarumvisheinkuruy‘Abafalasha, basubiyeiwabomuriIsrahelibavuyemuliEthiopiyaambwirakoatayizi, nti : "Ntabwouzikwumva no gusoma ? JyendakumenyeshakoiwanyuarimuriEthiopiya, kotuzabanyuzamuriNyabarongomukagerayobwangu" IjamboryaMugeseraLéon, yavugiyemulimitingiyokuKabaya, taliki 22/11/1992

35. Perezida Sindikubwabo akongeza jenoside muri Perefegitura ya Butare Umenyaaharimutarumviseamabwirizatwatanze. Cyangwantimwumviseicyotubasaba, cyangwa se mwarabyumvisemwangakubishyira mu bikorwa…Bantibindeba, abadashakakurangizainshinganozabo,abashakakurebera mu giheabandibakora, abobosenibave mu nzira. Abashinzwekubadukizababigirevubakugirangoabafitekumutimaubushakebwogukorabatangireakazi. Bavandimwendagirangoamagambotuyahinireaha,kandindagirangombibutsekujyamusobanukirwanezaibyo tuba tubabwiran’impamvu tuba tubivugagutya. Ibihebirakomeye. Muve mu rwenyan’imikinoahubwomutangireakazi. (IjamboryaPerezidaSindikubwabo mu muhangowokwimikaPerefe Sylvain Nsabimanaasimbura Jean BaptisteHabyarimanawazizeJenoside, 16.4.1994)

36. Minisitiri w’Intebe Kambanda yashishikarije abaturage kwitabira ubwicanyi abaha imbunda “Intambaraturwananiiyanyumwese..Inkotanyintizishakaubutegetsigusa. Namwezirabashaka. Zirashakakubamarirakuicumu. Ahozanyuze hose zagiyezicaabantu. Niyomwamvumugombakwigaimbundamukikizaumwanzi. Mugashirikaubwobabakubitaisasuntubunde. Imbundasiiy’umusirikarigusa. Dore nanjyendayifite. Burigihe.Ng’iyi. None se ziriyansoresorez’abatutsizibarushaiki?Siimbunda,Siubwinshisin’ibigango.

37. IGICE CYA IV: Ubuyobozibufiteicyerekezocyokubakaubunyarwanda • FPR ishyirahoLeta (19/7/1994) ihuriwehon’amashyakamenshi • Gushyirahoingamba

38. Muri make abanyapolitikeb’uyumunsibavomaimpanuro mu cyerekezocya H.E Paul Kagame: • Icyerekezocyanjyeku Rwanda, niIgihugukirangwan’ubumwe, cyibona mu bihugubigikikije, Igihugugiteyeimbere, cyaranduyeubukene, kirangwanademokarasi, arikoikirutabyosekikabaIgihugukirangwamoumutekanokandikibanyenezan’abaturanyi. Nitwe bantu bamberebafiteinshinganozokubaka u Rwanda rwashegeshwenajenoside. Ibiniibyotwemereyeabazadukomokahon’isiyose. • Boston, USA, 2005

39. Ntidushobora gusubiza igihe inyuma cyangwa ngo tuvaneho ibibi byatubayeho ariko dufite ubushobozi bwo kugena ejo heza hazaza h’u Rwanda no gutuma ibyabaye bitazongera kuba ukundi.

40. Kuba umunyarwanda muzima niyo politike twese dukwiye kugenderaho. Politike y’ikinyoma yishe u Rwanda, Afurika n’isi muri rusange.Ntabwo twe Abanyarwanda twapfa kabiri. Twapfuye rimwe kandi rirahagije. Byaba ari ishyano twemeye gupfa kabiri.Kudapfa bwa kabiri rero turashaka abanyarwanda b’abayobozi bazima bumva ko tutapfa kabiri.

41. Umwanzuro • NdagijembasabaguhoratuzirikanaiyimpanuroikomeyensorejehotwahawenaNyakubahwaPerezidawaRepubulikaihuyenagahundaturimouyumunsiyokubakaubunyarwanda.

42. Murakoze Murakarama