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Search for Rare Decays of the B S Meson at the Tevatron

Search for Rare Decays of the B S Meson at the Tevatron. Ralf Bernhard University of Zurich XLIst Rencontres de Moriond QCD 19 th March 2006. Outline. Motivation for rare decays Tevatron CDF & DØ Detector Search for the Decay B s → μ + μ - Search for the Decay B s →  μ + μ -

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Search for Rare Decays of the B S Meson at the Tevatron

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  1. Search for Rare Decays of the BS Meson at the Tevatron Ralf Bernhard University of Zurich XLIst Rencontres de Moriond QCD 19th March 2006

  2. Outline • Motivation for rare decays • Tevatron • CDF & DØ Detector • Search for the Decay Bs→μ+μ- • Search for the Decay Bs→ μ+μ- • Summary & Conclusions

  3. Purely leptonic B decay • B->l+ l- decay is helicity suppressed FCNC • SM: BR(Bs->m+m-) ~ 3.410-9 • depends only on one SM operator in effective Hamiltonian, hadronic uncertainties small • Bd relative to Bs suppressed by |Vtd/Vts|2 ~ 0.04 if no additional sources of flavor violation • reaching SM sensitivity: present limit for Bs -> m+m- comes closest to SM value Current published limits: SM expectations:

  4. Purely leptonic B decay Two-Higgs Doublet models: • excellent probe for many new physics models • particularly sensitive to models w/ extended Higgs sector • BR grows ~tan6b in MSSM • 2HDM models ~ tan4b • mSUGRA: BR enhancement correlated with shift of (g-2)m • also, testing ground for • minimal SO(10) GUT models • Rp violating models, contributions at tree level • (neutralino) dark matter … Rp violating:

  5. Tevatron performance • excellent performance of Tevatron in 2005 and early 2006 • machine delivered more than 1500 pb-1 up to now !! • recorded (DØ/CDF) • 1.2/1.4 fb-1 • record luminosity of 1.71032 cm-2/s in January 2006 • high data taking efficiency ~85% • current dataset reconstructed and under analysis • ~1000 pb-1 • compare with ~100 pb-1 Run I

  6. CDF detector • Silicon Tracker SVX • up to |h|<2.0 • SVX fast r- readout for trigger • Drift Chamber • 96 layers in ||<1 • particle ID with dE/dx • r- readout for trigger • tracking immersed in Solenoid 1.4T • Time of Flight • →particle ID

  7. DØ detector • 2T Solenoid • hermetic forward & central muon detectors • excellent coverage ||<2 • Fiber Tracker • 8 double layers • Silicon Detector • up to |h|<2.5

  8. B production at the Tevatron e.g., integrated cross sections for |y|<1: (B+, pT  6 GeV/c)~4 mb • bb cross section orders of magnitude larger than at B-factories (4S) or Z • σ(pp → bb) = 150μb at 2TeV • σ(e+e-→ Z → bb) = 7nb • σ(e+e- → Υ(4S) → bb) = 1nb • all kinds of b hadrons produced: • Bd, Bs, Bc, B**, b, b, … • However: • QCD background overwhelming, b-hadrons hidden in 103 larger background • events complicated, efficient trigger and reliable tracking necessary • crucial for B physics program: • good vertexing & tracking • triggers w/ large bandwidth, strong background rejection • muon system w/ good coverage Lots going on in Si detector

  9. Triggers for B physics • “classical” triggers: • robust and quiet di-muon and single-muon triggers • working horse for masses, lifetimes, rare decays etc. • keys to B physics program at DØ • “advanced” triggers using silicon vertex detectors • exploit long lifetime of heavy quarks • displaced track + leptons for semileptonic modes • two-track trigger (CDF) – all hadronic mode • two oppositely charged tracks with impact parameter Decay length Lxy pT(B)5 GeV Lxy450 mm

  10. Experimental search • CDF: • 780 pb-1 di-muon triggered data • two separate search channels • central/central muons • central/forward muons • extract Bs and Bd limit • DØ: • 240 pb-1 (update 300 pb-1) di-muon triggered data (limit) • Combined sensitivity for 700 pb-1 of recorded data (300 pb-1 + 400 pb-1 ) • both experiments: • blind analysis to avoid experimenter’s bias • side bands for background determination • use B+ -> J/ K+ as normalization mode • J/ -> m+m- cancels m+m- selection efficiencies blinded signal region: DØ: 5.160 < mmm < 5.520 GeV/c2; ±2 wide, =90 MeV CDF: 5.169 < mmm < 5.469 GeV/c2; covering Bd and Bs; =25 MeV

  11. Pre-selection • Pre-selection DØ: • 4.5 < mmm < 7.0 GeV/c2 • muon quality cuts • pT(m)>2.5 GeV/c • |h(m)| < 2 • pT(Bs cand.)>5.0 GeV/c • good vertex • Pre-Selection CDF: • 4.669 < mmm < 5.969 GeV/c2 • muon quality cuts • pT(m)>2.0 (2.2) GeV/c CMU (CMX) • pT(Bs cand.)>4.0 GeV/c • |h(Bs)| < 1 • good vertex • 3D displacement L3D between primary and secondary vertex • (L3D)<150 mm • proper decay length 0 < l < 0.3 cm 300 pb-1 e.g. DØ: about 38k events after pre-selection • Potential sources of background: • continuum mm Drell-Yan • sequential semi-leptonic b->c->s decays • double semi-leptonic bb-> mmX • b/c->mx+fake • fake + fake

  12. Optimization I • DØ: • optimize cuts on three discriminating variables • angle between m+m- and decay length vector (pointing consistency) • transverse decay length significance (Bs has lifetime): Lxy/σ(Lxy) • isolation in cone around Bs candidate • Random Grid Search • maximize e/(1.+B)

  13. Optimization II • CDF: discriminating variables • pointing angle between m+m- and decay length vector • isolation in cone around Bs candidate • proper decay length probability p(l) = exp(- l/ lBs) • construct likelihood ratio to optimize on “expected upper limit”

  14. Unblinding the signal region • CDF: • central/central: observe 1, expect 0.88 ± 0.30 • Central/forward: observe 0, expect 0.39 ± 0.21 • DØ (300 pb-1): • observe 4, expect 4.3 ± 1.2 CDF

  15. DØ Sensitivity 1fb-1 • Obtain a sensitivity (w/o unblinding) w/o changing the analysis • Combine “old” Limit with obtained sensitivity Used now in addition! Used in previous analysis Cut Values changed only slightly! Expect 2.2 ± 0.7 background events

  16. Normalization • relative normalization is done to B+ -> J/ K+ • advantages: • m+m- selection efficiency same • high statistics • BR well known • disadvantages: • fragmentation b->Bu vs. b-> Bs • DØ: apply same values of discriminating cuts on this mode • CDF: no likelihood cut on this mode 300 pb-1

  17. Master equation • R = BR(Bd)/BR(Bs) is small due to |Vtd/Vts|^2 • eB+ /eBs relative efficiency of normalization to signal channel • eBd /eBs relative efficiency for Bd-> m+ m- versus Bs-> m+ m- events in Bs search channel (for CDF~0, for DØ ~0.95) • fs/fu fragmentation ratio (in case of Bs limit) - use world average with 15% uncertainty

  18. The present (individual) limits • DØ mass resolution is not sufficient to separate Bs from Bd. Assume no Bd contribution (conservative) • CDF sets separate limits on Bs & Bd channels • all limits below are 95% C.L. Bayesian incl. sys. error, DØ also quotes FC limit Bd limit x3 better than published Babar limit w/ 111 fb-1

  19. Search for Bs -> m+m- • long-term goal: investigate b -> s l+ l- FCNC transitions in Bs meson • exclusive decay: Bs -> m+m- • SM prediction: • short distance BR: ~1.6×10-6 • about 30% uncertainty due to B-> form factor • 2HDM: enhancement possible, depending on parameters for tanb and MH+ • presently only one published limit • CDF Run I: 6.7×10-5 @ 95% C.L.

  20. Search for Bs -> m+m- Dilepton mass spectrum in b -> s l l decay • DØ: 300 pb-1 of dimuon data • normalize to resonant decay Bs -> J/y f • cut on mass region 0.5 < M(mm) < 4.4 GeV/c2 excluding J/y & y’ • two good muons, pt > 2.5 GeV/c • two additional oppositely charged tracks pt>0.5 GeV/c for f • f candidate in mass range 1.008 < M(f) < 1.032 GeV/c2 • good vertex • pt(Bs cand.) > 5 GeV/c • non-resonant decay: cut out J/ and ’ J/y y’

  21. Search for Bs ->  m+m- • Blind analysis: optimization with following variables in random grid search • Pointing angle • Decay length significance • Isolation • Background modeled from sidebands • Use resonant decay Bs -> J/y f with same cuts as normalization • Gaussian fit with quadratic background: 73 ± 10 ± 4 Bs-> J/y f resonant decays

  22. Limit on Bs ->  m+ m- • expected background from sidebands: 1.6 ± 0.4 events • observe zero events in signal region BR(Bs -> f m+m-)/BR(Bs -> J/y f) < 4.4 × 10-3 @ 95% C.L. Using central value for BR(Bs -> J/y f) = 9.3×10-4 PDG2004: BR(Bs -> f m+m-) < 4.1×10-6 @ 95% C.L. x10 improvement w.r.t previous limit

  23. Conclusions R. Dermisek et al., hep-ph/0507233 (2005) • CDF & DØ provide world best limits on purely leptonic decays Bd,s -> m+m-, limit important to constrain new physics • With more statistics to come enhance exclusion power/discovery potential for new physics • Improved DØ limit on exclusive Bs -> m+m- decay shown, about 2x above SM • Tevatron is doubling statistics every year - stay tuned for many more exciting results on B physics

  24. SPARE

  25. Future Prospects for Bs-> m+m- • assuming unchanged analysis techniques and reconstruction and trigger efficiencies are unaffected with increasing luminosity • for 8fb-1/experiment an exclusion at 90%C.L. down to 210-8 is possible • both experiments pursue further improvements in their analysis

  26. Tevatron limit combination I • correlated uncertainties: • BR of B± -> J/(->mm) K± • fragmentation ratio b->Bs/b->Bu,d • quote also an average expected upper limit and single event sensitivity • fragmentation ratio b->Bs/b->Bu,d • standard PDG value as default • Tevatron only fragmentation (from CDF) improves limit by 15% • uncorrelated uncertainties: • uncertainty on eff. ratio • uncertainty on background hep-ex/0508058 DØ has larger acceptance due to better h coverage, CDF has greater sensitivity due to lower background expectations

  27. Combination II Example: SO(10) symmetry breaking model • combined CDF & DØ limit: • BR(Bs-> m+ m- ) < 1.2 (1.5) × 10-7 @ 90% (95%) C.L. • world-best limit, only factor 35 away from SM • important to constrain models of new physics at tan • e.g. mSO(10) model is severely constraint R. Dermisek et al. hep-ph/0507233 Contours of constant Br(Bsμ+μ-)

  28. FCNC & new physics • flavor-changing neutral current processes • in SM forbidden at tree level • at higher order occur through box- and penguin diagrams • sensitive to virtual particles in loop, thus can discern new physics • GIM-suppression for down-type quarks relaxed due to large top mass • observable SM rates lead to tight constraints of new physics • corresponding charm decays are less scrutinized and largely unexplored • smaller BRs, more suppressed by GIM-mechanism, long-distance effects also dominating • nevertheless large window to observe new physics beyond SM exists: Rp-violating models, little Higgs models w/ up-like vector quark etc.

  29. Systematic uncertainties • systematics for DØ (CDF very similar) • efficiency ratio determined from MC with checks in data on trigger/tracking etc. • large uncertainty due to fragmentation ratio • background uncertainty from interpolating fit

  30. expected limitBs -> m+m- • expected limit at 95% C.L. for Bs -> m+m-

  31. Constraining dark matter • mSUGRA model: strong correlation between BR(Bs->m+m-) with neutralino dark matter cross section especially for large tanb • constrain neutralino cross section with less than, within and greater than 2 of WMAP relic density universal Higgs mass parameters non-universal Higgs mass Parameters, dHu=1, dHd=-1 S. Baek et al., JHEP 0502 (2005) 067

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