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Keystone

Keystone. Ecology Review. Levels of Organization. Ecosystem—biotic & abiotic Community—all biotic factors Pollution—only one group (species) of organisms. Comparing Biotic and Abiotic Factors. Biotic—all living or once living organisms Abiotic —all non living factors.

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Keystone

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  1. Keystone Ecology Review

  2. Levels of Organization • Ecosystem—biotic & abiotic • Community—all biotic factors • Pollution—only one group (species) of organisms

  3. Comparing Biotic and Abiotic Factors Biotic—all living or once living organisms Abiotic—all non living factors

  4. Food Chain in an Antarctic Ecosystem • A food chain shows ONE possible feeding pathway. • The arrow always goes into the mouth of the eater

  5. Food Web in an Antarctic Ecosystem • A food web shows all possible feeding relationships in a ecosystem

  6. Energy Transfer Through Trophic Levels • Only 10% of energy from each level is available to be passed on to the next level. • Most of it gets used or lost as heat. That’s why more organisms on bottom than top

  7. Energy Pyramid

  8. Symbiosis—close, long term relationship b/w to organisms (at least one benefits Parasitism, mutualism, commensalism

  9. Parasitism The parasite benefits while the host is hurt

  10. Mutualism • Both organisms benefit

  11. Commensalism • One benefits while the other is neither hurt nor helped

  12. Recycling Matter through the Ecosystem

  13. Water Cycle • Key processes are • Evaporation • Transpiration • Precipitation

  14. Carbon Cycle Photosynthesis & Respiration are the two main steps

  15. Nitrogen Cycle • Nitrogen fixing bacteria change nitrogen gas into a useable form for nitrogen for plants (& then animals) • Denitrification puts nitrogen gas back into the atmosphere

  16. Phosphorus Cycle Phosphorous moves from phosphate deposited in rocks , to the soil, to living organisms and finally to the ocean

  17. Succession—gradual sequential regrowth of a community of a species in a area Two Types: Primary Secondary

  18. Primary Succession Occurs where the land has not supported any prior life, bare rock, newly formed islands (soil lacks nutrients or any life left behind)

  19. Secondary Succession Occurs where soil has previously existed and some life is still left behind.

  20. Ecological Succession at Glacier Bay

  21. Carrying capacity— number of individuals the environment can sustain • Limiting factor— any factor the restrains the growth of a population (space, sunlight, food, water, mates)

  22. Carrying Capacity of Reindeer in Pribilof Islands

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