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exam I motor strategies mate calling in crickets song production by  s

PART 3: MOTOR STRATEGIES #12: MATE CALLING IN CRICKETS II. exam I motor strategies mate calling in crickets song production by  s song recognition by  s sender-receiver matching summary. PART 3: MOTOR STRATEGIES #12: MATE CALLING IN CRICKETS II. exam I motor strategies

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exam I motor strategies mate calling in crickets song production by  s

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  1. PART 3: MOTOR STRATEGIES #12: MATE CALLING IN CRICKETS II • exam I • motor strategies • mate calling in crickets • song production by s • song recognition by s • sender-receiver matching • summary

  2. PART 3: MOTOR STRATEGIES #12: MATE CALLING IN CRICKETS II • exam I • motor strategies • mate calling in crickets • song production by s • song recognition by s • sender-receiver matching • summary

  3. SONG PRODUCTION BY s • recall… oscillogram • cycles • carrier frequency (CF) • = 5 kHz • ~ 5 k file teeth / s • pulses • = syllables • 1 stridulation • chirps & trills • sequences

  4. SONG RECOGNITION & LOCALIZATION • recall… tracheal tubes = insect “lungs” • connect tympanum  outside via spiracles • sound via 2 routes • direct • indirect • tracheal tube • resonates @ 5 kHz • = carrier frequency CF

  5. SONG RECOGNITION & LOCALIZATION • tracheal tubes amplify signal from inside ? ... somehow • mechanism called pressure-difference receiver • sound locator • how ? • distances... • wave period ~ 7 cm • legs ~ 1 cm apart (cannot resolve) • indirect ~ 3.5 cm

  6. SONG RECOGNITION & LOCALIZATION • @ left tympanum... • sound from left  peaks + troughs amplify (A) • sound from right  peaks – troughs cancel (B) • signal strength ~ tympanum movement • tuned to CF of  call • sound  zigzag walking behavior ?

  7. SONG RECOGNITION & LOCALIZATION • sound  zigzag walking behavior ?

  8. SONG RECOGNITION & LOCALIZATION • sound  zigzag walking behavior ? 120° ? 60° MIN 60° MAX 120° ?

  9. SONG RECOGNITION & LOCALIZATION • sound  zigzag walking behavior ? 120° ? 60° MIN 60° MAX 120° ZIGZAG    

  10. SONG RECOGNITION & LOCALIZATION • sound  zigzag walking behavior ? • behavior does not  maximum sensory input* 120° ? 60° MIN 60° MAX 120° ZIGZAG ... CNS

  11. NEURAL PROCESSING OF SONG • how does CNS sharpen the directional sensitivity ?

  12. NEURAL PROCESSING OF SONG • how does CNS sharpen the directional sensitivity ? • s prefer • 5 kHz song • @ 30 pulses / s • tracking  above & below 30 pulses / s • how is this sound feature recognized ?

  13. NEURAL PROCESSING OF SONG • sensory neurons (aud. n. )  aud. neuropile (proth. g.) • sharply tuned to signal • ipsilateral connection •  omega () neurons • 2 (1 on each side) • inhibit eachother • ipsilateral excited • contralateral inhibited • = reciprocal inhibition •  accentuate L / R signal

  14. NEURAL PROCESSING OF SONG •  neurons do not show 30 pulse / s preference • other candidates... • large prothoracic neurons  brain • ascending neurons (ANs) • excited by auditory receptor neurons • sensitive to 5 kHz sound • directional sensitivity ~  • inhibited by contralateral  neurons • what is their function ?

  15. NEURAL PROCESSING OF SONG • crickets walking on spherical treadmill (A) • intracellular recording from L & R AN-1 neurons (B) (dye-filled)

  16. NEURAL PROCESSING OF SONG • tracking (orientation ~ speaker) (C) • AN-1 firing rates... (D) • call left, a > a' firing, track left • call right, b < b' firing, track right • call left, c hyperpolarized (inhibited), track right

  17. NEURAL PROCESSING OF SONG • tracking (orientation ~ speaker) (C) • AN-1 firing rates... (D) • call left, a > a' firing, track left • call right, b < b' firing, track right • call left, c hyperpolarized (inhibited), track right • directional information transmitted by AN-1... play a role in  positive phonotaxis • call song detectors ? • no 30 pulse / s preferences

  18. NEURAL PROCESSING OF SONG • AN-1  brain neurons • brain neuron classes 1 & 2 (BNC-1, 2) • overlapping projections • AN-1 & BNC-1 • BNC-1 & 2 • coordinated firing with • AN-1 • song

  19. NEURAL PROCESSING OF SONG • BNC-1 & 2 do not copy signals as do  & AN-1 • BNC-1 & 2 do show syllable preferences • BNC-1  low-pass filters (fire ~  rate < 30 / s) • BNC-2 high-pass filters (fire ~  rate > 30 / s) • BNC-2  band-pass filters (fire ~ 30 / s)

  20. NEURAL PROCESSING OF SONG • organization of auditory system • logical AND gate (additive signals) BNC-2 BNC-2 BNC-1

  21. SENDER – RECEIVER MATCHING • genetic basis of song species specificity • interbred 2 related & sympatric (co-existing) species • Teleogryllus commodus (T.c.) CF = 3.5 kHz • Teleogryllus oceanicus (T.o.) CF = 5 kHz • other qualitative differences as well To x To Tc x Tc Tc x To To x Tc

  22. SENDER – RECEIVER MATCHING • hybrid s show intermediate song (A) • dosage-dependent (next slide...) • hybrid s prefer songs of their brothers (B) • F1 >reciprocal F1 & > either P To x To Tc x Tc Tc x To To x Tc

  23. SENDER – RECEIVER MATCHING • dosage-dependent genetic basis song and preference  s  s  s  s s prefer

  24. SUMMARY • song • 3 song types: call, courtship, aggressive • structure: carrier frequency, syllables (pulses), chirps or trills, sequences •  song by stridulation: rubbing scraper & file • neural basis for song • generator in thoracic ganglia • triggered by descending neurons from brain

  25. SUMMARY • reception • attracted by 5 kHz CF & 30 syllables / s rate • ears (in knees) filter sound • directionally sensitive to CF • neural basis for song reception • auditory neurons   AN-1 BNC-1&2  2 •  & AN-1 sharpen signal • BNC-1 (low pass) + BNC-2 (high pass) BNC-2 (band pass), sensitive to 30 syllables / s • genetic basis to sender-receiver matching

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