1 / 18

Chapter 4: Ecosystems and Energy

Chapter 4: Ecosystems and Energy. Sazzy Gourley and Ariana Lutterman. 1: What is Energy?. Energy : capacity or ability to do work Six forms: 1. Chemical 2. Radiant/solar 3. Heat 4. Mechanical 5. Nuclear 6. Electrical Can be potential or kinetic. 2: Thermodynamics.

colton
Download Presentation

Chapter 4: Ecosystems and Energy

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Chapter 4: Ecosystems and Energy Sazzy Gourley and Ariana Lutterman

  2. 1: What is Energy? • Energy: capacity or ability to do work • Six forms: 1. Chemical 2. Radiant/solar 3. Heat 4. Mechanical 5. Nuclear 6. Electrical • Can be potential or kinetic

  3. 2: Thermodynamics • Thermodynamics: the study of energy and its transformations • Three types of systems: • Closed: matter can’t move in and out, energy can • Open: matter and energy move in and out • Isolated: nothing in and out (not on earth)

  4. Laws of Thermodynamics • 1st law: energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be transformed • Example: Light energy to heat energy • 2nd law: when energy is transformed, some energy is lost to the environment as heat • The amount of biologically usable energy decreases over time • Entropy: measure of disorder or randomness • Increases over time • Disorganized, unusable energy has high entropy

  5. 3: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration • Photosynthesis: biological process in which light energy from the sun is captured and transformed into chemical energy of carbohydrate molecules • 6CO2 + 12H2O + radiant energy  C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2 • Cellular respiration: process in which the energy of organic molecules is released within cells of ALL organisms • C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O26CO2 + 12H2O + radiant energy

  6. 4: Chapter Vocabulary • Energy Flow: movement of energy in ONE direction • Arrow = flow, box = storage • Producer/Autotroph: uses sun directly for energy (plants) • Consumer/Heterotroph: depend on other organisms for energy • Decomposer/Saprotroph: break down dead organic material and absorb nutrients for energy

  7. Detritus: currently decomposing organic matter • Detritivore: eats detritus • Trophiclevel: energy level in a food chain (e.g. primary, secondary, tertiary) • Primary consumer: eats producer • Secondary consumer: eats primary consumer • Tertiary consumer: eats secondary consumer

  8. 5: Ecological Pyramids • Pyramid of energy: total amount of energy stored at each trophic level • Law of 10%: only ten percent of energy in each trophic level moves to form new biomass • No exceptions

  9. Pyramid of Biomass: dry weight of organic matter in each trophic level • Represents chemical energy stored in organic matter of a trophic level • Extrapolate to entire trophic level from quantitative samples (e.g. mark-recapture) • Exception: big whales, small krill, big algae whales krill algae

  10. Pyramid of Numbers: total number of organisms at each trophic level • Decreases as you go up • Exception: one tree can feed multiple organisms birds insects tree

  11. 6: Productivity • Gross Primary Productivity (GPP): how productive are the plants • Net Primary Productivity: what’s available to primary consumers • Net Primary Productivity = Gross Primary Productivity – Plant Respiration • NPP = GPP - RP

  12. Secondary Productivity: rate of biomass accumulation by heterotrophs (i.e. growth) • NPP = GPP – RP • GSP = NPP – Not Used – Fecal Waste (assimilated) • NSP = GSP – RC (energy gained at very end) • NEP = NPP – RC or GPP – RTOT • TLE (Trophic level efficiency) = Production/Consumption

  13. 7: Productivity Cleared Up GPP RP Not Used NPP Waste Ingested RC GSP (assimilated) NSP (growth and reproduction)

More Related