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The War Begins 19.1

The War Begins 19.1. Presidential election of 1860. In 1860, Stephan Douglas and Abraham Lincoln ran against each other again, this time for president. Lincoln had become well known from their debates about slavery. This time, Lincoln won, becoming the 16th president. Learning Target #1.

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The War Begins 19.1

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  1. The War Begins19.1

  2. Presidential election of 1860 • In 1860, Stephan Douglas and Abraham Lincoln ran against each other again, this time for president. • Lincoln had become well known from their debates about slavery. • This time, Lincoln won, becoming the 16th president.

  3. Learning Target #1 • Describe what led to the bombardment of Ft. Sumter and explain why this event was important

  4. Abraham Lincoln Faced a Crisis • Asked for unity in his inauguration speech Picture Credit: www.branchburg.k12.nj.us/.../ Abe%20Main%20Page.htm

  5. Fort Sumter, South Carolina • Since South Carolina had seceded from the United States, it didn’t want Northern soldiers on its land at Fort Sumter • Southern General Beauregard tried to get the northern general Anderson to peacefully surrender Fort Sumter l

  6. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861 • Confederate officials began seizing federal-mint branches, arsenals, and military posts. • Fort Sumter was a Federal outpost guarding entrance to Charleston, SC. harbor

  7. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861 • Confederate forces asked for its surrender. • Lincoln refused and sent ships with supplies. • Confederate cannons began firing on April 12, 1861.  • Fort Sumter fell 34 hours later. • The Civil War began.

  8. Abraham Lincoln • Declared South to be in rebellion • Requested state governors to supply 75,000 militiamen Picture Credit: www.branchburg.k12.nj.us/.../ Abe%20Main%20Page.htm

  9. Learning Target #2 • Identify which side of the conflict Arkansas & the Upper South joined & explain why

  10. All free Northern states remained loyal to the Union Southern states that had not seceded had to choose sides

  11. NC, Tenn, Ark & Va joined Confederacy providing soldiers and industrial resources after Lincoln’s call for troops Four slave states remained in Union

  12. Jefferson Davis • President for the South • South’s Capital was Richmond, Virginia http://www.heritagephotographs.com/presjefdav18.html

  13. Learning Target #3 • Explain why both North and South wanted to claim the border states

  14. The Border States • Ky & Mo controlled key stretches of Ohio & Mississippi Rivers • Maryland enclosed Washington D.C. • People were divided • West Virginia 1863

  15. Which slave states remained in the Union?

  16. Northern Advantages • Larger population • North 22 million • South Only 9 million • More ships • Larger, more efficient railroad system • Lincoln - Very intelligent and dedicated • More industry - 81% of nation’s factories • Better banking system to raise $ for the war • 75% of nation’s wealth

  17. More Specific Northern Advantages • Wealth produced: • Factory production • Textile goods produced • Iron production • Coal production • Farm acreage • Draft animals • Livestock • Wheat production • Corn production

  18. Northern Disadvantages • Fought on Southern lands • Divided support for the war • Many believed the South had good chance of winning Southern Advantages • Skilled officers and a strong military tradition

  19. Other Southern Advantages • Fighting a defensive war • Local support of all men • familiarity with terrain • Motivation: seeking independence, unified support • Short communication lines/ friendly population • Experienced officer corps- (Lee, Jackson, Pickett) • Cotton - necessary for textile factories of England and France • Slave Labor in the early part of the war

  20. Overview of Southern Disadvantages • Smaller population • Few factories to manufacture weapons and supplies • Poor transportation system • Weak federal government = not strong enough to control Southern states • Jefferson Davis did not have complete power like Lincoln

  21. Rating the North & South

  22. Learning Target #4 • Analyze the strategies each side followed at the beginning of the war

  23. North’sCivil WarStrategy: “Anaconda”Plan • Goal: surround the Confederacy and squeeze them into submission

  24. The Anaconda Plan • Capture Richmond and force surrender • Expel Confederates from border states • Control of the Mississippi River to Stop the transport of: • soldiers • Weapons • Ammunition • Clothes • Food • other supplies needed • Blockade southern ports to stop • cotton shipments • supplies from foreign nations

  25. Southern Strategy • Goal: to be recognized as an independent nation in order to preserve their way of life • Defend its homeland, holding onto as much territory as possible until the North got tired of fighting • Capture Washington, D.C. • Control border states • Gain England's support Cotton Diplomacy • Expel Union troops from South

  26. Which side was best prepared for victory at the start of the war?

  27. Slave/Free States Population, 1861

  28. Railroad Lines, 1860

  29. Resources: North & South

  30. Men Present for Duty in the Civil War

  31. The Union & Confederacy in 1861

  32. Secession!: Post Fort Sumter

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