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Organisasi Komputer Memori 2

Organisasi Komputer Memori 2. Dibawakan oleh : Kurniawan Teguh Martono , ST., MT Sistem Komputer UNDIP. Karakteristik Sistem Memori (secara umum ). Memori : Tempat Penyimpanan Data. Keyboard, Mouse. Computer. Processor (active). Memory (passive) (where programs, data

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Organisasi Komputer Memori 2

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  1. OrganisasiKomputerMemori 2 Dibawakanoleh : KurniawanTeguhMartono, ST., MT SistemKomputer UNDIP

  2. Karakteristik Sistem Memori (secara umum)

  3. Memori: TempatPenyimpanan Data Keyboard, Mouse Computer Processor (active) Memory (passive) (where programs, data live when running) Devices Input Control (“brain”) Disk(permanentstorages) Datapath (“brawn”) Output Display, Printer

  4. Location • CPU • Internal • External

  5. Memory Hierarchy • Registers • In CPU • Internal or Main memory • May include one or more levels of cache • “RAM” • External memory • Backing store

  6. Memory Hierarchy - Diagram

  7. Memory Hierarchy I/O Processor Main Memory CPU Cache Magnetic Disks Magnetic Tapes

  8. The Bottom Line • How much? • Capacity • How fast? • Time is money • How expensive?

  9. Hierarchy List • Registers • L1 Cache • L2 Cache • Main memory • Disk cache • Disk • Optical • Tape

  10. Istilah/JenisSemikonduktorMemori • RAM --Random Access Memory time taken to access any arbitrary location • in memory is constant • SRAM --Static RAM A RAM chip design technology • DRAM --Dynamic RAM A RAM chip design technology • ROM --Read Only Memory ROMs are RAMs with data built-in when the • chip is created. Usually stores BIOS info. • Older uses included storage of bootstrap info • PROM --Programmable ROM A ROM which can be programmed • EPROM --Erasable PROM A PROM which can be programmed, erased • by exposure to UV radiation • EEROM – Electrical EPROM A PROM programmed & erased electrically

  11. MasihtentangIstilah … Tambahanistilah: SIMM Single In-Line Memory Module A packaging technology (single 32-bit data path) DIMM Dual In-Line Memory Module A packaging technology (dual 32-bit data paths) FPM RAM Fast Page-Mode RAM An older technology capable of about 60ns cycle time EDO RAM Extended-data-out RAM More modern FPM RAM, exploiting address coherency capable of about 20ns access speed SDRAM Synchronous DRAM Synchronous Dynamic RAM; allows access speeds as low as about 10ns PC 100, PC133, PC2100, PC2600 => memory product you can buy

  12. Connection: Memory - Processor Processor k-bit address bus Memory Sampai 2kaddressable locations MAR n-bit data bus Panjang word = n bits MDR Control lines, R/W, MFC, etc.

  13. Organisasi Internal Memori • Bentuk array: terdiridariselmemori • Selberisi 1 bit informasi • Barisdariselmembentukuntaiansatuword • Contoh: 16 x 8 memori • memori SRAM mengandung 16 words • setiap words terdiridari 8 bit data • Kapasitasmemori: 16 x 8 = 128 bits • Decoder digunakanuntukmemilihbaris word mana yang akandiakses • Tipikal SRAM, array 1 dimensi => indeksdaribarispada array tersebut.

  14. Ilustrasi W ord address Byte address Byte address 0 0 1 2 3 0 3 2 1 0 4 4 5 6 7 4 7 6 5 4 • • • • • • k k k k k k k k k k 2 - 4 2 - 4 2 - 3 2 - 2 2 - 1 2 - 4 2 - 1 2 - 2 2 - 3 2 - 4 (a) Big-endian assignment (b) Little-endian assignment

  15. Internal Organization of Memory Chips b b ¢ b b ¢ b b ¢ 7 7 1 1 0 0 • • • W 0 FF FF A • • • 0 W 1 A 1 Address Memory • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • cells decoder A 2 A 3 • • • W 15 16 words of 8 bits each: 16x8 memory R / W Sense / Write Sense / Write Sense / Write circuit circuit circuit CS Data input /output lines: b b b 7 1 0 Figure 5.2.Organization of bit cells in a memory chip.

  16. Cache Memory • Mempercepatkerjamemorisehinggamendekatikecepatanprosesor. • Memoriutamalebihbesarkapasitasnyanamunlambatoperasinya, sedangkan cache memoriberukurankecilnamunlebihcepat. • Cache memoriberisisalinanmemoriutama

  17. Ukuran cache memoriadalahkecil, semakinbesarkapasitasnyamakaakanmemperlambat proses operasi cache memoriitusendiri, disampingharga cache memori yang sangatmahal

  18. Kapasitas Cache • AMD mengeluarkanprosesor K5 dan K6 dengan cache yang besar (1MB), kinerjanyatidakbagus • Intel mengeluarkanprosesortanpa cache untukalasanharga yang murah, yaituseri Intel Celeron padatahun 1998-an, kinerjanyasangatburukterutamauntukoperasi data besar, floating point, 3D • Sejumlahpenelitiantelahmenganjurkanbahwaukurancache antara 1KB dan 512KB akanlebih optimum [STA96]

  19. Kesimpulan • Memoriadalahbagiandarikomputertempat program programdan data – data disimpan • Elemendasarmemoriadalahselmemori. • Selmemoridipresentasikandenganbilanganbiner 1 atau 0. • Selmemorimempunyaikemampuanuntukditulisidandibaca • Cache memoridifungsikanmempercepatkerjamemorisehinggamendekatikecepatan prosesor

  20. SekianTerimaKasih

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