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Fibres & Fabrics

Fibres & Fabrics. Fibres. Yarn. Fabric. Input Process Output …. Normal process for making fabrics:. Cotton Linen Wool Silk. Natural. Synthetic. FIBRES. Polyester Acrylic Nylon. Man-Made. Regenerated. Viscose Acetate. Where do fibres come from?. ANIMALS. or PLANTS.

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Fibres & Fabrics

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  1. Fibres & Fabrics

  2. Fibres Yarn Fabric Input Process Output … • Normal process for making fabrics:

  3. Cotton Linen Wool Silk Natural Synthetic FIBRES Polyester Acrylic Nylon Man-Made Regenerated Viscose Acetate Where do fibres come from?

  4. ANIMALS or PLANTS Natural Fibres Come From: COTTON LINEN CASHMERE WOOL MOHAIR PINA HEMP PINUKPOK! ANGORA SILK

  5. Properties Of FibresNatural - Plant • Cotton: • Very absorbent • Dries slowly • Cool to wear • Soft handle • Good drape • Durable • Creases easily • Wash and iron • Applications • Jeans, Towels, T-shirts • Linen: • Fresh, cool to wear • Very absorbent, fast drying • Stiffer handle • Good drape • Durable • Creases badly • Wash and iron • Applications • Summer clothing, table cloths etc

  6. Properties Of Fibres Natural -Animal • Silk: • Warm to wear • Absorbent • Soft handle • Good lustre and drape • Durable • Creases drop out • Dry clean • Applications • Eveningwear, ties • Wool: • Warm to wear • Absorbent, dries slowly • Breathable, repels rain • Soft or coarse handle • Can shrink, dry clean • Good drape • Not durable • Creases drop out • Applications • Suits, Jumpers, Blankets Carpets

  7. Synthetic Made from chemicals Or Regenerated Made from natural resources (Trees) mixed with chemicals Man-Made Fibres Can Be … POLYESTER ACRYLIC NYLON VISCOSE ACETATE

  8. Properties Of FibresSynthetic Fibres • Nylon • Absorbs little water except when texturing provides capillary action • Very Strong & resistant to wear • Crease resistant • Resistant to alkalis, solvents and moulds – but can be attacked by acid • Affected by static electricity which attracts dirt and affects drape • Polyester • Strong • Hardwearing • Crease resistant • Unaffected by most acids, alkali, and solvents • Easy to care for • Resistant to staining • Not very absorbent

  9. Blending FibresBlending fibres together gives the advantage of both, or all, fibres used to the fabric produced

  10. Fibre to Yarn • A fibre is the smallest part of the yarn you can pull out of a jumper! • There are 2 main types of fibre: Continuous Filament OR Staple Fibre

  11. Hand Spinning Industrial Spinning Fibre to Yarn

  12. Yarn to Fabric: • Weaving • Knitting • Felting / Bonded Fabrics

  13. Weaving Fabric • A loom is used to weave fabric. • The vertical yarns or warp yarns are connected to the loom. • Then weft yarns are threaded alternatively over and under the warp yarns to produce the fabric. • The edges that do not fray are called the selvidge • This method produces plain weave. This weaver in Mali, West Africa, is using a hand loom to produce strips of cotton cloth, which will then be sewn together and dyed.

  14. Alternative Weaves Twill Weave – this is gives a diagonal appearance. The weft yarn runs over & under between 2 & 4 yarns. Denim is an example of a twill weave Satin Weave – this is gives a smooth and often shiny ( high lustre) finish. The weft yarns run over & under a large number of warps Plain Weave – this is a simple weave with the weft going over and under alternate warp yarns

  15. Knitted Fabrics - There are two types of knitted fabrics. Both processes work by forming interlocking loops of yarn. . Weft knitting is when the loops run across the fabric. Weft knitting can be constructed by hand and will unravel if the yarn is broken. The most common example of weft knitting is jersey. Warp knitting is when the loops run vertically. This is constructed using a machine and produces a sturdier fabric. This method hardly ever ladders and keeps its shape.

  16. Non-woven Fabrics Felting is a quick and cheap method of producing fabric. A combination of pressure, moisture and heat is used to form the fibres into fabric. Felt is not very strong but will not fray when cut. It can be formed (steamed) into shapes without the need for seams. Bonding is another method of producing non-woven fabric. The fibres are bonded together by using stitching or adhesive. Laminating is when a number of fabrics are bonded together. Woven, knitted, felted or bonded fabrics can be combined to produce a fabric with a mixture of properties.

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