History of chemistry

1. Historyof chemistry Jana Nevrlá

2. Chemistry has been important since ancient times • The processing of natural ores to produce metals • The Egyptians used some chemicals to mummify the dead • For preparation of some medicine or poisonous compounds from flowers. ancient – starý ore - ruda processing – zpracování

3. About 400 years b. c. Aristoteles – distinguished Greek philosopher and scientist. He affirmed that all matter is composed of four fundamental substances: fire, water, earth and air. Demokritos and Leucippos – they supposed discrete structure of substances. They used term atomos (which later became atoms) to decribe ultimate particles. Aristoteles distinguished – významný ultimate – konečný (ohraničený) particles – částice affirm - tvrdit Demokritos

4. Alchemy • Alchemists were obsessed with the idea of transformation of cheap metals into gold. • In this several elements were prepared and the mineral acids, hydroxides and salts learned to prepare . • Alchemists assisted to development laborator operations and laboratory equipment Obsess – posedlý Severa – některé Assist – přispět Bath - lázeň

5. Sixteenth century • Paracelsus (1493 – 1541) – Swiss alchemist, physician and astrologer. His full name is Philippus Theophrastus Bombatus von Hohenheim. He was studied attributes of substances and preparation of medicines. Deal – zabývat se něčím Attributes – vlastnosti Physician - lékař

6. Seventeenth century • Robert Boyle(1627 – 1691) – Irish chemist, physicist, inventor and scientist. He was dealing behaviour of gases. Boyle´s major contribution to chemistry consised of his ideas about the chemical elements. • The Greek system of four elements finally died. • George Stahl(1660-1734) – he suggested substancecalled phlogiston Inventor – vynálezce Behaviour – chování Contribution - příspěvek

7. Another distinguished chemists and scientists: • Antoine Lavoisier(1743-1794) – he recognized the importance of accurate measurements. • John Dalton (1766-1844) – atomic theory. He was the first to prepare a table of relative atomic weights. Recognize – poznat, připustit Importance – důležitost, význam Measurements - měření

8. 18. and 19. century • Amadeo Avogadro(1776-1856) – Italian chemist. He is an author of the theory of molarity and molecular weights. • Dimitri Mendeleev (1834-1907) – creator of the first version of the periodic table of elements. • Ernest Rutheford (1871-1937) – he described the theorical concepts of the atom and the phenomenon of radioactivity.

9. Thank you for your attention Brno university of technology 2007