Purpose of this seminar????

1. Basics Purpose of this seminar???? Traditional C.O.G. Calendar Conjunction Calendar First Crescent Calendar

2. What is a calendar? A system for fixing the of the civil year, arranging days and longer divisions of time (such as weeks and months) beginning, length, and divisions in a definite order.

3. 2. Weekly 1. 3. Daily Monthly 3 Types of Calendars Solar Lunar Luni-solar

4. Movement of the earth around the sun, The Solar Calendar One revolution of the earth around the sun equals one year, Or 365 days, 48 minutes, 46 seconds

5. Movement of the moon around the earth The Lunar Calendar One revolution of the moon around the earth equals one month. Solar year exceeds the lunar year by 11 days

6. Movement of the Moon around the Earth And the earth around the sun The Luni-solar Calendar

7. The months reckoned according to the moon, and the year according to the sun

8. Current Calendar Gregorian calendar 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, 46 seconds for the earth to go around the sun, which is an extra 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds every year.

9. Leap Years!!! How it is corrected so that the seasons don't move out of position??

10. Basic Astronomy

12. The moon can be 100 percent full as little as 13.8 days after the conjunction to as much as 15.8 days after the conjunction.

14. Basic Orbit Actual Orbit

15. Solar Eclipse

16. Lunar Eclipse

18. The Calendars!!!

19. The Traditional C.O.G. Calendar

20. Why? Was it created? To keep the Jews together Where? Did it come from? The rabbinical rules used to verify the accuracy of the witnesses witnessing the first crescent

21. How? …does it work?

22. Calculate the molad of Tishri for a particular year. 1. 2. Determine what day of the week Tishri 1 will fall; Monday, Tues., etc. 3. Apply Postponements 4. Count backwards to find the first day of UB. 5. Intercalation

23. Calculate... 1. the Molad of Tishri, for a particular year.

24. What in the world is a Molad????

25. Actual molad Mean Molad Gr-r-r-r-r-r

26. Actual molad The average time from one conjunction to the next, is 29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes, and 33 1/3 seconds (or 793 parts (halakim); The molad is a mathematical average of the conjunctions, no more and no less. Mean Molad Gr-r-r-r-r-r

27. instead of minutes and seconds, The hour was divided into 1080 parts, with each part corresponding to 3 1/3 seconds, and each part was divided into 76 moments. What’s this “parts” stuff???

28. The 12 months of the Calculated Jewish calendar 7. Tishri, Ethanim 8. Marheshvan, Bul 9. Kislev 10. Tebeth 11. Shebet 12. Adar 13. Adar II • Tammuz • Nisan, Abib • Ab, Av • Elul, Ellul • Iyar, Ziv • Sivan

29. A Normal Hebrew year is 3 354 days long. Under the rules, it is also possible for the year to have only 353 days, called a Defective year, or 355 days called an Excessive year.

30. If a year is defective, the month of Kislev will have 29 days instead of 30. If the year is excessive, Heshvan will have 30 days instead of 29.

31. Calculate the molad of Tishri for a particular year. 1. 2. Determine what day of the week Tishri 1 will fall. Monday, Tues., etc 3. 4. 5.

32. 2. Determine... What day of the week Tishri 1 will fall. Monday, Tues., etc

33. 3. Apply Postponements

34. Postponement 1 To prevent the Day of Atonement (Tishri 10) from falling on a Friday or a Sunday, or the 7th day of Tabernacles from falling on a Saturday, X X X

35. Tishri 1 can never fall on a…. Sunday,

36. Tishri 1, Trumpets X Tishri 10 Atonement Tabernacles 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 X

37. Tishri 1 can never fall on a…. Sunday, Wednesday,

38. Tishri 1 Trumpets X Tishri 10 Atonement X

39. Tishri 1 can never fall on a…. Sunday, Wednesday, or Friday

40. Tishri 1 Trumpets X Tishri 10 Atonement X

41. X X X X

42. or, unless postponement 1 kicks in, two days Postponement 2 If the molad is at noon or later, Tishri 1 is delayed by one day .

43. 3 & 4 Postponement 1 & 2 Because of the mentioned limits on the number of days in the year, we need another two postponements.

44. Postponement 3 If the molad in an “ordinary”(not leap) year falls on the third day, (Tuesday), at 9 hours, 204 parts, that is 3:11 am and 20 seconds, . Tishri 1 is put off two days because...

45. A postponement to Wednesday is not permitted, (as in (1)), so then it is deferred to Thursday. The object is as follows, If the molad of Tishri occurs at that hour, the year would be one day too long. X

46. Postponement 4 When the molad of Tishri, following immediately after a leap year, occurs on the second day, (Monday) at 15 hours, 589 parts, which means Monday, 9:32 am and 43 1/3 seconds. If the reckoning is made backward by subtracting the 13 moladot, the Tishri of the preceding year would have had its molad on Tuesday at 12 noon. Having occurred at that time, Tishri 1 of the previous year Would have been on Thursday since Tuesday’s molad was ”zaken” and two days deferment must take place as Wednesday is impermissible. If Tishri 1 then commenced on Thursday in the previous year, that year would have consisted of 382 days only which is too short for a leap year. By deferring Tishri 1 of the current year from Monday to Tuesday, the year, retroactively, lasts for 383 days, which Is the minimal leap year. leap years are 383, 384, 385 days

47. Postponement 4 When, in a common year succeeding a leap year, the molad Tishri occurs on Monday morning, 589 parts after 9 am, it is postponed to the next day. This prevents the previous year from being too short.

48. Calculate the molad of Tishri for a particular year. 1. 2. Determine what day of the week Tishri 1 will fall. Monday, Tues., etc. 3. Apply Postponements 4. Count backwards to find the first day of UB. 5. Intercalation

49. Count backwards to find the 1st day of U.B. And count forward to find Atonement, and Tabernacles. 4.

50. 5. Intercalation “leap” years are added to 7 years of the 19 years in a metonic cycle (19 year time cycle). They are added to years 3, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17, 19.