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MODERN PHYSICS

MODERN PHYSICS. RELATIVITY TO QUANTUM MECHANICS THE PEOPLE AND THE IDEAS. ALBERT EINSTEIN. THE PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT, 1905 THE SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY, 1905 THE GENERAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY, 1915. THE PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT. BUILT ON NEWTON’S IDEA OF A LIGHT PHOTON

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MODERN PHYSICS

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  1. MODERN PHYSICS RELATIVITY TO QUANTUM MECHANICS THE PEOPLE AND THE IDEAS

  2. ALBERT EINSTEIN • THE PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT, 1905 • THE SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY, 1905 • THE GENERAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY, 1915

  3. THE PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT • BUILT ON NEWTON’S IDEA OF A LIGHT PHOTON • “PACKETS” OF LIGHT HAD A SPECIFIC AMOUNT OF ENERGY • ESTABLISHED THE ‘QUANTUM’ THEORY OF LIGHT INTO THE SCIENCE COMMUNITY • WON EINSTEIN THE NOBEL PRIZE IN 1922

  4. THE SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY • BORN WHEN EINSTEIN THOUGHT OF THE CLOCK TOWER HE VIEWED WHILE RIDING A STREET CAR IN BERLIN • RESOLVED THE NEWTONIAN IDEA OF LIGHT WITH MAXWELL’S VERSION THAT LIGHT HAD A CONSTANT SPEED NO MATTER WHAT • CREATED ‘INERTIAL FRAMES OF REFERENCE’ • SUMMARY: TIME CAN BEAT AT DIFFERENT RATES, DEPENDING ON HOW FAST YOU MOVE

  5. THE GENERAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY • ADDED ACCELERATION TO THE SPECIAL THEORY • ASLO ADDED GRAVITY, A SPECIAL CASE OF ACCELERATION • PROVED TRUE BY ARTHUR EDDINGTON DURING THE 1919 TOTAL ECLIPSE OF THE SUN • EINSTEIN PREDICTED MERCURY’S ORBIT IS AFFECTED BY THE SUN, PREDICTIONS VERIFIED DURING THE ECLIPSE

  6. NIELS BOHR • PRINCIPLE ARCHITECT OF THE QUANTUM THEORY • THEORY PUBLISHED IN 1913 • ORIGINATED ON DENMARK

  7. WOLFGANG PAULI • CONTEMPORARY AND COLLEAGUE OF BOHR • FROM HOLLAND • AUTHORED THE “PAULI EXCULSION PRINCIPLE” WHICH STATES THAT PARTICLES ARE NOT ALLOWED TO OCCUPY THE SAME PLACE AT THE SAME TIME

  8. PAUL DIRAC • CONTEMPORARY AND COLLEAGUE OF BOHR AND PAULI • DIRAC’S 1925 VERSION OF QUANTUM MECHANICS EVENTUALLY MERGED WITH BOHR’S AND PAULI’S • BRITISH PHYSICIST

  9. COPENHAGEN INTERPRETATION • NAME GIVEN TO THE ENTIRE THEORY OF QUANTUM MECHANICS, FORMULATED PRIMARILY IN COPENHAGEN, DENMARK • INCLUDED IDEAS OF BOHR, PAULI, DIRAC, HEISENBERG, De BROGLIE AND OTHER PHYSICISTS OF THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY • DEVELOPED INTERNATIONALLY IN SPITE OF WORLD WAR I AND THE EVENTS PRECEDING WORLD WAR II

  10. ALICE IN QUANTUMLAND • QUANTUM MECHANICS DESCRIBES THE SUBATOMIC WORLD VERY WELL • ON LARGER SCALES, NEWTONIAN PHYSICS WORKS PRETTY WELL • QUANTUM MECHANICS APPLIED AT OUR LEVEL SAYS YOU COULD WALK THROUGH A BRICK WALL IF YOU TRIED ENOUGH TIMES

  11. QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS • RESOLVED PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED WHEN CALCULATING AND MEASURING ENERGIES OF ELECTRONS • DEVELOPED BY AMERICAN RICHARD FEYNMAN BETWEEN 1948 AND 1952 • NOBEL PRIZE IN 1965

  12. APPLICATIONS • SOLID STATE PHYSICS • TRANSISTORS • INTERGRATED CIRCUITS • COMPUTER CHIPS • ‘LIFE AS WE KNOW IT’ WOULD NOT BE POSSIBLE WITHOUT THE QUANTUM THEORY AND ITS RESULTS

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