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Climate on Rangelands

Climate on Rangelands. (Lauren Kerns (Flickr). adifferentbrian (Flickr). J. Peterson. J. Peterson. J. Schmidt (www.nps.gov). Rangeland principles, REM 151. Climate on Rangelands. Climate = Long-term patterns of temperature & precipitation

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Climate on Rangelands

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  1. Climate on Rangelands (Lauren Kerns (Flickr) adifferentbrian (Flickr) J. Peterson J. Peterson J. Schmidt (www.nps.gov) Rangeland principles, REM 151

  2. Climate on Rangelands • Climate = Long-term patterns of temperature & precipitation • Weather = short-term variation in temp., precip. wind, humidity, etc. Jim Peaco (www.nps.gov) J. Peterson J. Schmidt (www.nps.gov)

  3. How does climate affect vegetation patterns? • Affects plant biomass (amount of vegetation) • Drives photosynthesis (water + light + CO2 = energy) • Determines growing periods (frost-free period)

  4. How does climate affect vegetation patterns? • Affects types of plants that will grow: • Trees need more water than shrubs, forbs & grasses. • Some plants like it hot & some like it cold. • Depends on plant physiology. Daniel Case (Flickr) VS. VS. Christian Ostrosky (Flickr) Christian Ostrosky (Flickr)

  5. How does climate affect vegetation patterns? Gelisol Oxisol Mollisol • Influences soils texture & structure. • Precipitation and temperature • Chemical vs. Physical weathering https://www.soils.org/discover-soils/soil-basics/soil-types

  6. Ecosystems • Community of organisms & abiotic environment VS. Tupulak (Flickr) NOA.gov VS. Jeff Shewan (flickr) Christian Ostrosky (Flickr)

  7. Biome • Largest terrestrial ecosystem that is easily recognizable. www.blueplanetbiomes.org

  8. What creates different biomes? Precipitation Temperature Soils Topography These are RANGELANDS

  9. ↓ ↓ ↓ Fill in the Blank ↓ ↓ ↓ Cold Desert Deciduous Forest Tundra (Polar Grasslands) Tropical Rain Forest Precipitation Tropical Desert Northern Coniferous Forest Temperate Grassland Temperate Desert Savanna(Tropical Grassland) Temperature

  10. Northern Coniferous Forest Forest Tropical Rain Forest Deciduous Forest Tundra (Polar Grasslands) Temperate Grassland Precipitation Grasslands Savanna(Tropical Grassland) Tropical Desert Desert Cold Desert Temperate Desert Temperature

  11. Hadley Cell Effect Atmospheric circulation patterns between circulation between the equator and 30latitude. Hadley Cell (N) Hadley Cell (S) http://www.worldatlas.com http://serc.carleton.edu/images/eslabs/weather/hadley_cells_semi_permanent.jpg

  12. Equator 30°

  13. Topographic Effects Orographic Barriers From http://web.mst.edu/~rogersda/umrcourses/ge301/

  14. Rangelands of the World

  15. Variation in Precipitation Effective precipitation = when precipitation is Most usable by plants. Min Precip= (1989) 6.6 inches Max Precip= (1982) 23.6 inches Average = 14.9 inches

  16. Fifty years of change in a Shadscale Stand in Idaho Lee A. Sharp, Ken Sanders & Neil Rimbey • The following rangeland photo journal charts the changes that have occurred in a shadscale (Atriplexconfertifolia) stand in southern Idaho starting in1951. • Photos of the site have been taken annually since 1955, but the selected photos show the dynamic nature of the site.

  17. 1951 3.5” Apr-Jun 12.8” Annual Precipitation inches 50-yr avg 50-yr avg

  18. 1955 3.5” Apr-Jun 12.8” Annual Precipitation inches 50-yr avg 50-yr avg

  19. 1958 2.5” Apr-Jun 12.0” Annual Precipitation inches 50-yr avg 50-yr avg

  20. 1963 7.1” Apr-Jun 22” Annual Precipitation inches 50-yr avg 50-yr avg

  21. 1964 8.8” Apr-Jun 24” Annual Precipitation inches 50-yr avg 50-yr avg

  22. 2005 3.8” Apr-Jun 19” Annual Precipitation inches 50-yr avg 50-yr avg

  23. 2013 1.5” Apr-Jun 8.34” Annual

  24. Geographic Climate Regions Pacific Northwest Mountains Great Plains Great Basin Mediterranean Mountains Southwest Deserts Figure by K. Launchbaugh

  25. Grassland & Savannas Deserts & Semideserts Mediterranean Deserts & Semideserts

  26. Climate on Rangelands (Lauren Kerns (Flickr) adifferentbrian (Flickr) J. Peterson J. Peterson J. Schmidt (www.nps.gov) Rangeland principles, REM 151

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