1 / 69

Module 1 Motion

Learn about the concepts of speed, velocity, and acceleration, as well as the laws of motion and forces. Includes practice problems and illustrations.

clydea
Download Presentation

Module 1 Motion

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Module 1Motion

  2. Speed, Velocity, & Acceleration • What is Speed? • Scalar Quantity (only have magnitude) • How fast something is moving • Distance traveled over time • No direction • Average speed is not instantaneous speed

  3. Speed, Velocity, & Acceleration • Distance • Overall amount traveled

  4. Speed, Velocity, & Acceleration • Units of speed are derived units of distance over time • Speed (meters/second) = distance (meters) /time (seconds)

  5. Let’s Practice!!!! • In a skateboarding marathon, the winner covered 435 km in 36.75 h. What was the winner’s average speed? • Florence Griffith Joyner set a world record by running 200 m 21.34 s. What was her average speed? • An airplane is traveling at 400 mi/hr.  It touches down at an airport 2000 mi away.  How long was the plane airborne?

  6. Speed, Velocity, & Acceleration • d/t graphs – X-axis = time – Y-axis = distance (position) • Speed on distance-time graphs – Think slope of line: check it out • Analyzing distance vs time graphs • ***Figure 7 in book***

  7. Speed, Velocity, & Acceleration What was the object’s speed at 2 s? What was the object’s speed at 5 s? How would describe the motion of this car? What might you predict the next plot point to be?

  8. Speed, Velocity, & Acceleration What was the object’s speed at 2 s? The object stopped during this time frame. When did this happen? Explain how you know. What happened between 9.8 s and 12 s? How do you know?

  9. Speed, Velocity, & Acceleration How is this graph different? How would you describe the motion of this object? Can we still calculate speed?? How??

  10. Speed, Velocity, & Acceleration

  11. Speed, Velocity, & Acceleration • Frame of Reference • Motion is Relative to Frame of Reference • You observe how other objects move by comparing to that frame of reference

  12. Speed, Velocity, & Acceleration • Velocity • Vector Quantity (magnitude and direction) • Speed and direction • Speed and Velocity are not the same

  13. Speed, Velocity, & Acceleration • Velocity • Vector Quantity (magnitude and direction) • Speed and direction • Speed and Velocity are not the same

  14. Let’s Practice!!!! • A cart starting from rest travels a distance of 3.6 meters northward in 1.8 seconds. What is the average velocity? • A car drives from Tallahassee to Orlando. The distance is 830 km and the drive takes 7.3 hrs. What is the velocity of the car?

  15. Speed, Velocity, & Acceleration • Acceleration • Rate at which velocity changes • Speeding up (positive) • Slowing down (negative) • Changing direction

  16. Speed, Velocity, & Acceleration • Calculating Acceleration

  17. Let’s Practice !!!! • A roller coaster speeds up going down a hill from 0 m/s to 11 m/s at the bottom of the hill. If this occurs in 3 seconds, what is the acceleration of the roller coaster? • A cheetah is running at a velocity of 14 m/s and slows to tackle a wildebeast to 2 m/s. If the chase takes 4.2 seconds, what is the cheetah’s acceleration?

  18. Speed, Velocity, & Acceleration • v/t graphs – X-axis = time – Y-axis = speed – Analyzing speed-time graphs – Think slope of line: – ***Figure 16 in book***

  19. Speed, Velocity, & Acceleration Find the acceleration between 2-5 seconds. How would you describe this object’s motion? What would the next plot point would be? How do you know?

  20. Speed, Velocity, & Acceleration Find the acceleration between 2-4 seconds. Find the acceleration between 7-9 seconds. What is happening between 4-7 seconds, How do you know??

  21. Speed, Velocity, & Acceleration

  22. The Laws of Motion • Force • A push or a pull • Measured in newtons

  23. The Laws of Motion • Balanced and Unbalanced Forces

  24. The Laws of Motion • Drawing and Interpreting Force Diagrams

  25. The Laws of Motion • Net Force • Rules for Adding Forces • Add forces in the same direction. • Subtract forces in opposite directions • Forces not in the same directions\ or in opposite directions cannot be directly added together.

  26. The Laws of Motion • Friction • Force that works against the motion of an object

  27. The Laws of Motion • Newton’s 1st Law • An object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion, unless an unbalanced force acts on it. • Break It Down: INERTIA – Things want to keep doing what they are doing • Inertia is directly related to mass.

  28. The Laws of Motion • Newton’s 2nd Law • Acceleration of an object is directly affected by the net force acting on it, and inversely by the mass of the object

  29. The Laws of Motion • Newton’s 2nd Law • Force (N) = mass (kg) x acceleration (m/s2)

  30. Let’s Practice!!!! • With what force will a car hit a tree if the car has a mass of 3,000 kg and it is accelerating at a rate of 2 m/s2? • If a helicopter’s mass is 4,500 kg and the net force on it is 18,000 N upward, what is it’s acceleration?

  31. The Laws of Motion • Newton’s 3rd Law • For every action (force applied) there is an equal and opposite reaction (resulting force)

  32. The Laws of Motion • Momentum • Mass of an object times its velocity • A vector quantity (magnitude and direction) • Momentum = mass x velocity

  33. The Laws of Motion • Conservation of Momentum • Momentum remains constant for objects interacting with one another in a system

  34. Let’s Practice!!!!

  35. Let’s Practice!!!!

  36. Let’s Practice!!!!

  37. The Laws of Motion • Angular Momentum • Deals with rotational motion • Is a product of mass and velocity • Depends on the distribution of mass • Angular mass (moment of inertia)

  38. Forces in Action • 4 basic Forces • Gravititational • Electromagnetism • Strong nuclear force • Weak nuclear force

  39. Forces in Action • Gravitational • Force of attraction between two objects • Depends on mass and distance • Weakest of the four forces

  40. Forces in Action • Gravity and Weight • Measures the force of gravity on mass • Weight and Mass are different things

  41. Forces in Action • Falling for Gravity • Force of air friction between falling object and air particles • All objects regardless of mass, experience the same acceleration when in free fall

  42. Forces in Action • Electromagnetic Forces • Forces occur when electric field interacts with electrically charged particles • Opposite charges attract, like charges repel

  43. Forces in Action • Strong Nuclear Forces • Work at the atomic level • Strong Forces • Force that holds the nucleus of atom together • Strongest of the 4 forces, short range

  44. Forces in Action • Weak Nuclear Forces • Work at the atomic level • Weak Forces • Force responsible for particle decay (radioactivity)

  45. Forces in Action

  46. Energy • Energy • Ability to change or move matter • Exists in many forms • Potential • Nuclear • Elastic • Chemical • gravitational • Kinetic • Electrical • Radiant • Thermal • Mechanical

  47. Energy

  48. Energy • Energy Conversions • Law of Conservation of Energy • Energy cannot be created or destroyed, just converted from on form to another

  49. Energy • Kinetic Energy – energy of motion – depends on mass and speed • Kinetic Energy = ½ mass x speed (KE = ½ m v2) KE (J) = ½ m (kg) X v (m/s)2

  50. Energy • What is the kinetic energy of a 136.4 kg elephant moving at 34 m/s? •What is the kinetic energy of a 22.7 kg boy on his 45.5 kg bike rolling down a hill 25 meters high at 7.21 m/s? • Determine the kinetic energy of a 1000-kg roller coaster car that is moving with a speed of 20.0 m/s.

More Related