1 / 15

Optical Fiber Report

Optical Fiber Report . All Optical Switching Architectures . Introduction Optical switches are necessary for achieving reliable, fast and flexible modular communication means in future systems. At present, more and more communication transmission infrastructures are based on

clove
Download Presentation

Optical Fiber Report

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Optical Fiber Report All Optical Switching Architectures

  2. Introduction Optical switches are necessary for achieving reliable, fast and flexible modular communication means in future systems. At present, more and more communication transmission infrastructures are based on • optical fiber links, while communication • switching remains entirely electronic. This • combination has two main flaws,

  3. the first being the necessity to convert photons to electrons and vice versa, while thesecond is the limitation of the electronic devices in terms of throughput and bit rate as opposed to the very high capabilities of optical fibers .The unprecedented demand foroptical network capacity has fueled the development of long-haul optical network systems which employ • wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) to achieve tremendous capacities. Such

  4. systems transporttens tohundreds of wavelengths per fiber, with each wavelength modulated at 10 Gb/s or more . • Up to now, the switching burden in such systems has been laid almost entirely on electronics. • In every switching node, optical signals are converted to electrical form (O/E conversion), buffered electronically, and subsequently forwarded to their next hop after being converted to optical form again (E/O conversion).

  5. Electronic switching is a mature and • sophisticated technology that has been studied extensively. Apart from that, electronic equipment is stronglydependent on the data rate and protocol, and thus,any system upgrade results in the addition and/or replacement of electronic switching

  6. If optical signals could beswitched without conversion to electrical form, thesedrawbackswould be eliminated. This is the promise of optical switching. The main attraction of optical switching is that it enablesrouting of optical data signals without the need for conversion to electrical signals and, therefore, is independent of data rate and data protocol. The transfer of the switching function from electronics to optics will result in a reduction in the network equipment

  7. switching speed, and thus • network throughput, and a decrease in the operating power. In addition, the elimination of E/O andO/E conversions will result in a major decrease in the overall system cost, since the equipmentassociated with these conversions represents the lion’s share of cost intoday’s networks.

  8. There is a three main approaches that seem promising for thegradual migration of the switching functions from electronics to optics are: • Optical packet switching(OPS). 2. Generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS). 3. Optical burst switching (OBS).

  9. 1.Optical packet switching(OPS). Using pure WDM only provides granularity at the level of oneWavelength .Packet streams Can be multiplexed together statistically making more efficient use of capacity and providing increased flexibility over pure WDM The wavelength dimension is also used ,packet switches analyze the information contained in the packet headers and thus determine where to forward the packets. In addition, optical packet switching offers high-speed data rate & can be divided in to two categories:

  10. 1.slotted (synchronous) 2. unspotted (asynchronous) • In a slotted network, all packets have the same size. They are placed together with the header inside a fixed time slot, Packets in an unspotted network do not necessarily have the same size.

  11. 2.Generalized Multiprotocol Lable Switching (GMPLS) is a technology that provides enhancements to Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) to support network switching for time, wavelength, and space switching as well as for packet switching. In particular, GMPLS will provide support for photonic networking, also known as optical communications.

  12. 3. OPTICAL BURST SWITCHING(OBS) OBS is an attempt at a new synthesis of optical and electronic technologies that seeks to exploit the tremendous bandwidth of optical technology, while using electronics for management and control . Burst switching is designed to facilitate switching of the user data channels entirely in the optical domain.

  13. This approach divides the entire network in two regions: • edge and core. *ALL-OPTICAL BROADCASTING SWITCH FABRIC ARCHITECTURE The switch fabric in a router is responsible for transferring packets between the other functional blocks. In particular, it routes user packets from the input ports to theappropriate output ports. The design of the switch fabric is complicated by other requirements such as multicasting…

  14. Thanks for your Attention

More Related