Chapter 5 Classical Greece

1. Chapter 5Classical Greece

2. Section 1: Cultures of the Mountains and the Sea

4. Peninsula 2,000 islands in Aegean and Ionian Geography Shapes Greek Life

5. Geography Shapes GreekLife Continued The Sea Seas were important transportation routes They lacked natural resources

6. Geography Shapes Greek Life Continued The Land ¾ mountains divided land into regions Influenced political life Made transportation difficult Only a part was arable Not much fresh water Land couldn’t support a big population

7. Geography Shapes Greek Life Continued The Climate Varied climate 48 – 80 degrees Outdoor life style Public events to discuss issues, news and partake in civic life.

8. Mycenaean Civilization Develops

9. Mycenaean Civilization Develops Continued Leading city: Mycenae Mycenaean rulers controlled cities like Tiryns and Athens Describe what the city looked like

11. Contact with Minoans Mycenaean's came into contact with Minoans possibly through war or trade. Lead to trading in other locations • Minoan influence • Seaborne trade • Writing • Culture

12. The Trojan War

13. Mycenaean's vs. Troy (Anatolia) Trojan Prince kidnapped Helen, wife of a Greek King, Menelaus. Menelaus’s brother was Agamemnon Show pictures Reality or not? Heinrich Schliemann The Trojan War

17. Greek Culture Declines Under the Dorians

18. Greek Culture Declines Under the Dorians Continued 1200 sea raiders burned Mycenaean cities Dorians came into the area Not as advanced as the Mycenaean's Economy collapsed, art of writing lost

19. Greek Culture Declines Under the Dorians Continued Epics of Homer History told through the spoken word: epics Trojan War led to Iliad Achilles vs. Hector

20. Greek Culture Declines Under the Dorians Continued • Greeks create Myths • Myths created through Homer’s epics and Theogony, written by Hesiod • These myths taught about the mysteries of nature and the power of human passions • Human qualities attributed to gods • Zeus lives on Mount Olympus with Hera • Athena

21. Aphrodite Zeus Hera Apollo Pan Hermes Athena Ares Hephaestus Demeter Poseidon Artimis Dionysus

22. During the Dorian period two changes occurred Dorians and Mycenaeans identified with ancestors less, local area more Formal governments established What was the switch from? Chapter 5 Section 2Warring City-States

23. Polis was the political unit Made of city and countryside City government discussed at the agora in the acropolis Rule and Order in Greek City-States

26. Greek Political Structures • City-states had different forms of government • Monarchy • Single person, King, ruled • Mycenae • Aristocracy • Small group of noble landowning families ruled • Athens before 594 • Oligarchy • Few powerful people • Sparta

27. Tyrants Seize Power • Clashes occurred between ruler and the common people. • Powerful people seized control of the government and became tyrants. • What are tyrants considered to be? • Tyrants looked to common people for support

28. Athens Builds a Limited Democracy Athens started the idea of a representative government Avoided power struggles between rich and the poor by moving to democracy

29. Building Democracy Draco took power 621 B.C. Draco’s Legal Code Said Athenians were equal under the law Criminals dealt with harshly Was for debt slavery

30. Solon 594 B.C. No slavery No debt slavery Created 4 social groups based on wealth Only top 3 classes could hold political office. Everyone could participate in a assembly Citizen could bring charges against wrongdoers Building Democracy Continued

31. Building Democracy Continued Cleisthenes 500 B.C. Broke up nobility power by dividing citizens into 10 groups Based on location not wealth Increased power of the assembly All citizens could submit laws for debate and passage

32. Created the Council of Five Hundred Proposed laws and counseled assembly Council chosen by lot Citizenship restricted to Free adult male property owners born in Athens Building Democracy Continued

33. Athenian Education • Only sons of wealthy families received education • Age 7 • Prepared them to be good citizens. • Discuss what this involves • Older • Military school • Girls • Family

34. Sparta Builds a Military State Sparta located in the Peloponnesus No democracy, built a military state

35. Sparta Dominates Messenia's 725 B.C. Sparta conquers Messenia Messenia's became helots 650 B.C. Messenia's revolted. Spartans were able to put down revolt.

36. Branches of Spartan Government Assembly Spartan citizens Elected officials Voted Council of Elders 30 older citizens Proposed laws that the assembly voted on Five elected officials Carried out laws passed by the assembly Controlled education Prosecuted court cases Two kings Ruled over Sparta’s military Sparta’s Government and Society

37. Helots in Arms Spartan Social Order • Citizens originally from region • Ruling families who owned land • Free Noncitizens • Worked commerce and industry • Helots • Slaves

38. Spartan Daily Life • For approximately 300 years, Sparta had the most powerful army in Greece • Individuality was not encouraged • What values were lost and sought? • Age 7 moved to army barracks until age 30 • Describe what their living situations were.

39. Spartan Military Education After lengthy training, many Spartan boys participated in the krypteia, or secret police Armed with daggers, assassinated helots Instilled a sense of ruthlessness in the Spartan youth Helped maintain the Spartan social order by instilling a permanent sense of insecurity and terror in helot communities.

40. Men expected to serve in the army until age 60 Girls: some military training, service to Sparta came first Spartan women ran family estates when husbands gone Spartan Military Education

41. The Persian Wars

42. A New Kind of Army Emerges Who originally served in the army? Shift from bronze to iron weapons did what to the army? The phalanx, formed by hoplites, became a fierce fighting force.

44. Battle at Marathon Persian Wars between Greece vs. Persians Began in Ionia – Greeks had been there; around 546 B.C. Persians conquered Ionian Greeks revolted, Athens sent ships to help Persian King Darius the Great defeated them, vowed to destroy Athens in revenge

45. 490 B.C. Persians land on Marathon Phalanxes waited for them 25,000 Persians, 10,000 Athenians– who won? Battle at Marathon Continued

46. Pheidippides Brings News Athens was defenseless Pheidippides raced back to Athens, 26 miles He said “Rejoice, we conquer”, then collapsed and died Greeks arrived, Persians retreated

47. Thermopylae and Salamis 480 B.C. Darius the Great’s son, Xerxes, went to crush Athens Some Greeks wanted to fight, some wanted to give up Athens Some Greeks fought on Persian side Xerxes easily marched down eastern coast of Greece At the mountain pass Thermopylae, 7000 Greeks (300 were Spartans) blocked Xerxes way

49. Thermopylae and Salamis Continued Fought for three days A traitor informed Persians of a secret path Fearing defeat, the 300 Spartans stayed, rest of Greek forces retreated Athenians tried to figure out how to best defend the city

50. Thermopylae and Salamis Continued • Themistocles (Athenian leader) got Athens to defend at sea • Athenian fleet positioned near Salamis