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ALCOHOL, DRUGS, AND CRIME DUI Trends and Countermeasures

ALCOHOL, DRUGS, AND CRIME DUI Trends and Countermeasures. Association for Criminal Justice Research McClellan, CA March 17, 2005 Cliff Helander, Chief, California DMV Research. Drunk Driving: is it a crime?. Most (2/3) adult Americans drink alcohol

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ALCOHOL, DRUGS, AND CRIME DUI Trends and Countermeasures

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  1. ALCOHOL, DRUGS, AND CRIMEDUI Trends and Countermeasures • Association for Criminal Justice Research • McClellan, CA • March 17, 2005 Cliff Helander, Chief, California DMV Research

  2. Drunk Driving: is it a crime? • Most (2/3) adult Americans drink alcohol • 20% of adults drive above 0.08% BAC at least once per year • QUESTION: THERE, BUT FOR THE GRACE OF GOD, GO I?

  3. There, but for the grace?….NO! • Less than 1% chance that DUI will lead to arrest • Probability of arrest while DUI is 1 in 140 • Which means a DUI arrestee will have driven drunk, on average, more than 100 times before being caught, and • The average BAC at DUI arrest = 0.16%, which is DOUBLE THE LEGAL LIMIT

  4. DUI SANCTIONS AND COUNTERMEASURES • Fine • Jail • License suspension • 1915 California Vehicle Code (CVC): penalty for first conviction of DUI = $500 fine or 6 months in jail, plus one year license suspension

  5. DUICOUNTERMEASURES WHAT DOESN’T WORK? Jail Fines

  6. DUI COUNTERMEASURES IN CALIFORNIA: WHAT WORKS AND WHAT DOESN’T, WITH RECOMMENDATIONS FOR LEGISLATIVE REFORM Report to the Legislature In Accord With Senate Bill 776 (Torlakson) September 2002

  7. DUICOUNTERMEASURES LICENSE SUSPENSION WORKS *Reduces subsequent crashes and convictions 30% to 80% compared to similar drivers not suspended *Up to 75% of suspended drivers continue to drive…but less often and more carefully…which explains the effectiveness of license suspension

  8. DUI COUNTERMEASURESWHAT WORKS? • EFFECTIVE DRIVER-BASED COUNTERMEASURES • Minimum drinking age laws • Per se BAC laws • Administrative per se license suspension laws • “Zero-Tolerance” laws for youth • Post-conviction license action • Alcohol treatment programs • House arrest in lieu of jail • Sobriety checkpoints

  9. Effectiveness of Alcohol Treatment Programs: California DMV Research Studies • Sadler & Perrine (1984), Tashima & Peck (1986): Second offender DUI treatment reduces recidivism by 9% to 24% • Tashima & Marelich (1989): Second offender DUI treatment reduces recidivism & alcohol-related crashes • DeYoung (1995): All 3 levels of DDP treatment reduce DUI recidivism • Tashima & Helander (2005): 13-year review of annual DUI-MIS reports: second offender DUI treatment consistently reduces recidivism and alcohol-involved crashes; results less conclusive for first-offender programs

  10. DUI COUNTERMEASURESWHAT WORKS? • EFFECTIVE VEHICLE-BASED COUNTERMEASURES • Vehicle impoundment or immobilization • Ignition interlock • OTHER COUNTERMEASURES IMPACTING ALCOHOL-IMPAIRED DRIVING • Seat belts • Graduated driver licensing • Alcoholic beverage control

  11. DUI COUNTERMEASURESWHAT MIGHT WORK? • Preliminary Breath Test (PBT) BAC testing of all crash-involved drivers • Designated drivers and safe rides programs • Alternative treatment modalities, including pharmaceutical treatment

  12. TORLAKSON REPORT (SB 776) MAJOR RECOMMENDATIONS • Pharmaceutical treatment of convicted DUI offenders • Alcoholic beverage control • Reduce crashes associated with on-premise drinking • Increase DUI prevention efforts, especially those targeting youth

  13. Percent of California Traffic Fatalities that are Alcohol-Involved

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