Unit 1

1. Unit 1 • My Father’s Shadow

2. Contents • Pre-reading questions • Background information • Structure analysis • Comprehension questions • Language points of Text I • Grammatical items • Exercises • Sentences for appreciation • Oral activities • Writing practice

3. Pre-reading Questions • How do you describe your relationship with your parents? • Have you ever done anything that hurt your parents? Or have they ever hurt you in some way? • What do you do when you disagree with your parents ? • What do you think is the right attitude towards your disagreement?

4. Background Information (1) • About the author:程美兰（Linda Ching Sledge），是第四代华裔美人。程美兰着手写这本小说可以说是个意外：她在研究祖谱时，发现了她的曾曾祖父曾加入太平军、事败后随传教士躲到夏威夷。因此她决定以太平天国叛乱为背景来写一部寻根小说，并花了七年时间用在历史的研究与考证上，终于造就出这本情节丰富、人物鲜明的精彩小说，在美国西部及夏威夷都上了畅销书的金榜。

5. Background Information (2) • About her works: • 1. Empire of Heaven. (with Gary Allen Sledge) New York : Bantam • Books, c1990. [国图] • 《太平残梦》/《天堂帝国》荣登美西与夏威夷畅销书金榜, 纽约时报誉为中国的《飘》──《太平残梦》华裔美籍女作家程美兰寻根史诗畅销钜作 • 2. A Map of Paradise: A Novel of Nineteen-Century Hawaii. New York : Bantam Books, 1997.[国图]《天国地图》/《天堂地图》

6. Background Information (3)Hawaii • What do you know about it? • A group of volcano-forming islands in the Pacific with a population of 1,115,274(1990), lots of which are Asian Americans (Americans with Philippine, Japanese or Chinese origins) and aboriginals (土著）. It became the 50th state of the US in 1952. The capital city Honolulu . A multi-language culture with English being the official language. A tourist resortsfamous for its pleasant ,warm climate , golden beaches and folklores. • Hula dance .

7. Background Information (4) Song: You Are My Sunshine • You are my sunshine, • My only sunshine. • You make me happy • When skies are gray • You never know, dear, • How much I love you. • Oh, please don’t take my sunshine away.

8. Background Information (5) Song: You Are My Sunshine • The other night ,dear, • I was / lay sleeping. • I dreamt I held you in my arms. • When I was awaken, • I was mistaken. • So I hung my head and cried

9. Structure of the text: • The passage can be divided into 6 parts: • Part 1. Paragraph 1 • Part 2. Paragraph 2-4 • Part 3. Paragraph 5 • Part 4. Paragraph 6 • Part 5. Paragraph 7-14 • Part 6. Paragraph 15-16

10. Part 1. Paragraph 1 • Flying back to Hawaii to show her newly born baby boy to her parents , Linda wondered and worried about her father’s reaction to her family.

11. Part 2. Paragraph 2-4 • Linda tells us why she and her father had grown apart and what had caused the breach between father and daughter.

12. Part 3. Paragraph 5 • Sweet memories of the early childhood when she was still her father’s “small shadow”.

13. Part 4. Paragraph 6 • A duration between the last and next part, telling about Linda’s decision on what to do if she and her baby son were not accepted.

14. Part 5. Paragraph 7-14 • What happened during their stay home: her father proved to like his hapa haole grandson.

15. Part 6 paragraph 15-16 • What happened later ever since then: the grandson became his grandfather’s shadow.

16. Language Points (1) • What do you think the word “shadow” implies in the text? • The word “shadow” appears in two places in the text. The image illustrates the intimacy between father and daughter, grandfather and grandson.

17. Language Points (2) 1.(be) typical of / characteristic of / representative of 是…的特点; 体现了…的特点 • It’s typical of Peter to scatter things around when he is finished with what he is dong. • This poem is typical of his early work.

18. Language Points (3) • 2.feminine a. having qualities that are considered to be typical of women 妇女（似）的，娇柔的，女性的; 阴性的masculinea. having qualities that are considered to be typical of man 男性的，男子气概的，阳性的

19. Language Points (4) • How can I persuade my tomboy daughter to wear feminine clothes? • Being masculine is not the only test of manhood.

20. Language Points (5) • press: vt. try hard to persuade someone to do sth. • If I had pressed him, he would have lent me the money. • The manufacturers are pressing the government for action.

21. Language Points (6) • 4.…I felt an unexpected tidal pull back to the island • All of a sudden, I felt a strong desire to go back to the island.

22. Language Points (7) • 5.From there, I could see forever… From my father’s shoulders, I could see something everlasting– the nature and my father’s love for me.

23. Language Points (8) • 6. the prodigal son or daughter • someone who leaves his/her family and home without the approval of the family • 回头的浪子；悔改的罪人 • The passage is a reworking of the theme of the return of the prodigal son.

24. Language Points (9) • 7. peer at/through/into • look very carefully at, esp. with difficulty • The old professor adjusted his glasses and peered at the student who had made the trouble. • Felix peered into the darkness. • Lydia peered through the dusty windowpanes at the scene in the backyard.

25. Language Points (10) • 8. one’s own flesh and blood • someone who is part of your family (亲骨肉） • How can you treat your own flesh and blood that way? • He raised those orphans as if they were his own flesh and blood.

26. Language Points (11) • 9. suspect / doubt • suspect: think that sth. (esp. sth. bad) is probably true • doubt: do not believe that sth. is true. • I suspect it’s going to be a pretty difficult day. • He is suspected of being involved in the robbery of Central Bank.

27. Comprehension Question (1) • 1. What does the author mean by stating at the end of Paragraph 1 “… though we were very much alike, we’d grown very far apart? • The answer to this question lies in Paragraph 2 and 3. The author differs drastically from her father in their preferences and choices, but they are similar in that they are both “bullheaded”. It is this bullheadedness that intensifies their disagreement and sets them apart.

28. Comprehension Question (2) • 2. How did the father express his disapproval of her daughter? And how did his daughter react? • Refer to Paragraph4. The father expressed his disapproval of his daughter with silence– never speaking to his daughter over the phone; the daughter responded in the same way to show her uncompromising character.

29. Comprehension Question (3) • 3. What do you think is the author true state of mind on her long flight to Hawaii? • Refer to Paragraphs 5 and 6. The author has a mixed feeling about the upcoming meeting with her father. This feeling is indicated by her recall of the paternal love she enjoyed when she was a child, and her uncertainty about her father’s reaction--- “If he disapproved of Timmy, as he had of me…”

30. Comprehension Question(4) • 4. What did the author realize when she saw her father playing with her baby on the first night of her return? • Refer to Paragraphs 11and 12. When she saw the scene, the author realized that her father had accepted her son. It is his way of mending his relationship with his daughter– reaching for her over the “bridge” of his grandson.

31. Comprehension Question (5) • 5. In a few sentences describe how the father is portrayed in the text. • The father’s image is portrayed from two perspectives. One is his sternness– he put too many demands on his daughter and required absolute obedience from her, as many other Chinese fathers did; the other is his love for his daughter and his grandson.

32. Comprehension Questions of Text 2(1) • 1. What kind of man is the writer’s father? • The writer’s father is a devoted husband and a fond father with a lovely sense of humor. He was also sentimental, sensitive and understanding.

33. Comprehension Questions of Text 2(2) • Explain the title “My New Mum Is… My Dad’? • The writer used to be very much attached to her mother, who, she thought, was the one to hold them together. Assuming no one could ever replace her mother after her death, the writer found little by little, to her surprise, that she and her father had more in common than she had ever imagined. And her father’s deep love for her made her realize that he had become her new Mum.

34. Comprehension Questions of Text 2(3) • Whom are you more sentimentally attached to, your father or mother? Why ? • Open to discussion.

35. Grammatical items : Inversion 谓语动词放在主语之前的这种语法现象称为倒装。从倒装的形式来看，可分为全部倒装(full inversion)和部分倒装(partial inversion)两种。前者是指整个谓语置于主语之前，而后者仅是指助动词、情态动词或be 动词等功能置于主语之前。 引起倒装的情况多种多样，倒装的表现形式大体有下列几种 ：

36. Grammatical item：Inversion (2) • 1．在疑问句中 • 例1：How are you getting along with your work? • 例2：Is this report written in detail? • 注：如疑问词作主语或者作定语修饰主语时，不发生倒装。 • 2．在there be 及其类似结构中 • 例1：There are forty students in our class. • 例2：There seem to be still some elements undiscovered yet. • 例3：There stands a bridge across the river.

37. Grammatical item：Inversion (3) • 3．在表示祝愿的句子中 • 例1：Long live the People’s Republic of China! • 例2：May you succeed! • 例3：Dog-tired though they were, they continued to march on. • 4．在省略if 的虚拟语气条件状语从句中 • 这类句子中有were, had, should等词时，把were, had或should置于句首。 • 例1：Were there no air or water, there would be no life in the world. • 例2：Had you been more careful, such spelling mistakes might have been avoided.

38. Grammatical item：Inversion (4) • 5．在so, nor, neither或no more开头的句子中 • 此类句子通常表示前面一句话中的谓语所说明的情况，也适用于另一句中的主语。例如： • 1）This problem is not difficult and neither is that one. • 2）Coal is under the ground in some places, and so is oil.

39. Grammatical item：Inversion (5) • 6．在以具有否定意义的副词、连词及词组开头的句子中 • 这些词和词组通常有：rarely, never, scarcely, no sooner, little, few, hardly, seldom, at no time, in no way, on no account, nowhere, nobody, not only等。例如： • 1）Visit our stores. Nowhere else will you find such magnificent bargains. •  2）Hardly had he finished his work when the telephone rang. •  3）Not only did he complain about the food, he also refused to pay for it. •  4）Little did we think his speech had made so deep an impression on his audience.

40. Grammatical item：Inversion (6) • 7．在强调表语时 • 例1：Worst of all were the humiliations. • 例2：Such is the case.

41. Grammatical item：Inversion (7) • 8．在强调宾语时 • 例1：Still greater contributions should we make to our socialist construction. • 例2：Useful chemical fertilizer can we make from the waste liquid. • 注：当前置宾语由“not a +名词”或者“not a single +名词”构成时，也会引起倒装。例如： • Alice had a terrible time touring that country. Not a day did she spend without having some unpleasantness with waiters in the hotel.

42. Grammatical item：Inversion (8) • 9．在强调状语时 • （1）当句首状语为方位词或拟声词，谓语动词为go, come等表示位置转移的动词时句子须倒装。例如： • 1）Up went the plane. •  2）In came the chairman and the meeting began. • 注：如果主语是代词则不发生倒装。例如： • 1）Out they rushed! •  2）Lower and lower he bent. • (2) 当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，句子须倒装。例如： • 1）Round the corner walked a large policeman. •  2）Under the table was lying a half-conscious young man.

43. Grammatical item：Inversion (9) • （3）当句首状语由“only +副词”，“only +介词词组”，“only +状语从句”构成时，句子须倒装。例如： • 1）Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing. • 2）Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end. • （4）当句首状语为here, there, now, then等时，句子须倒装，主语是代词时，句子不用倒装。例如： • 1）Here is a ticket for you.   • 2）Now comes your turn. • 3）Here he comes.

44. Grammatical item：Inversion (10) • （5）以关联词so (…that)开头的句子中，句子须倒装。例如： • 1）So small was the mark that I could hardly see it. • 2）So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus. • 3）So much does he worry about his financial position that he can’t sleep at night. • 注：在该结构中，“so +形容词”是表语的前置；“so +副词”是状语的前置。

45. Grammatical item：Inversion (11) • 10．在直接引语之后 • 在叙事性书面语中，直接引语后常跟asked Mary, answered John, said the old lady, grunted Peter之类的词语。在这些词语中，动词常的主语之前，主语是代词时，不用倒装。例如： • 1）“What do you mean?” asked Henry. • 2）“What do you mean?” he asked.

46. Grammatical item：Inversion (12) • 11. often, many a time等表示频度的状语置于句首时 • 例如：Often did they think of going there, but they never had a chance. • 12．在as, though引导的让步状语从句中 • 在as, though引导的让步状语从句中，一般将形容词、副词或名词等置于句首。例如： • Small as the atom is, we can smash it

47. Exercises (1) Translation exercises • 1. 动物保护主义者强烈反对用动物做试验。 (disapprove of) • Animal conservationists strongly disapprove of experimenting on animals. • 2.在馆长严厉的注视下，莎莉走进了博物馆。(stern) • Shelie walked into the museum under the stern gaze of the curator.

48. Exercises (2) • 3. 在广告行业干了一阵之后，吉姆去了一家保险公司。(spell) • After a spell in the advertising business, Jim began to work for a large insurance firm. • 4. 周末期间估计有50 000 人涌向伦敦观摩英联邦运动会的开幕式。 (flood) • It was estimated that 50,000 people flooded into London over the weekend for the opening of the Commonwealth Games. • .

49. Exercises (3) • 5. 他冲进了热闹的大街，混入人群中，希望那样警察就认不出他来。(mingle with) • He rushed into the busy street and mingled with the crowd, hoping in that way the police would not spot him. • 6. 他蹑手蹑脚地从房间里走出去，以免吵醒她。（tiptoe） • He tiptoed quietly out of the room so as not to wake her up.

50. Exercises (4) • 7. 他买那幅油画是作为一种地位的象征，而并非对艺术有特别的兴趣。(status) • He bought the painting as a status symbol, not because he was particularly interested in art. • 8.吉姆一直很失望他的儿子不愿子从父业，接管农场。(follow in one’s footsteps) • Jim was always disappointed that his son never followed in his footsteps and took over the farm. • .