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The Shape of American Education

The Shape of American Education. Frederick M. Hess American Enterprise Institute www.aei.org/hess. Topics. How We’re Doing Current Reform Efforts What’s Ahead?. NAEP Proficiency. Source: NCES 2008. International Comparisons. Source: OECD 2007. Graduation Rates in Urban Districts.

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The Shape of American Education

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  1. The Shape of American Education Frederick M. Hess American Enterprise Institute www.aei.org/hess

  2. Topics • How We’re Doing • Current Reform Efforts • What’s Ahead?

  3. NAEP Proficiency Source: NCES 2008

  4. International Comparisons Source: OECD 2007

  5. Graduation Rates in Urban Districts • Many urban school systems fail to graduate even half of their students Source: EPE Research Center 2006

  6. Student Achievement in Urban Districts • Some urban school districts have less than half their students performing at or above “basic” on NAEP Source: Trial Urban District Assessment 2007

  7. What Do 17 Year Olds Know? • 57% could not identify the proper half-century in which the Civil War took place • 25% thought Christopher Columbus had landed in the New World after 1750 • 33% did not know the Bill of Rights enshrines our rights of freedom of speech and religion • 23% did not know Adolf Hitler was the Chancellor of Germany during World War II Source: Common Core 2008

  8. How Do Youth Spend Their Time? Source: NCES 2000

  9. How Do Youth Spend Their Time? Sources: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 2006 and Common Core 2008

  10. “The Trouble Threshold” • What’s the lowest grade you can receive without getting in trouble at home? • Blacks: C– • Hispanics: C– • Whites: B– • Asians: A– Source: Steinberg 1996

  11. We’re Spending More Source: NCES 2006

  12. Comparatively, We Spend a Lot Source: OECD 2003

  13. Where Does the Money Go? Source: NCES 2005

  14. How Costly Is College? Source: College Board 2007

  15. Quality of U.S. Higher Education • Academic Ranking of World Universities 2007 • Ranks schools according to Quality of Education, Quality of Faculty, and Research Output • 54 of the top 100 schools are in the U.S. • 8 of the top 10 schools are in the U.S. Source: Academic Ranking of World Universities 2007

  16. National Report Card on Higher Education Source: National Advisory Group 2006

  17. National Report Card on Higher Education Source: National Advisory Group 2006

  18. Current Reform Efforts • No Child Left Behind • School Choice • Teacher Quality • Public Opinion

  19. No Child Left Behind • What is it? • Testing • Remedies • Prospects

  20. What Does the Public Think about No Child Left Behind? Source: Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup Poll 2007

  21. School Choice: 4 Big Questions • How does choice affect participants? • Does choice induce competition that prompts traditional schools to improve? • How does choice affect integration or stratification? • Does choice undermine democratic schooling or civic values?

  22. Private Means, Public Ends Source: Wolf in Education Next 2007

  23. Teacher Quality • Experience and credentialing don’t matter • Content knowledge matters some • Great teachers exist, but are hard to predict Source: Goldhaber in Education Next 2002

  24. Education in the 2008 Election • Education ranks 9th in a list of the 10 “most important issues facing the country” Source: Gallup 2008

  25. What the Public Thinks about… Source: Education Next 2007 Source: Educational Testing Service 2007 Source: Education Next 2007

  26. What’s Ahead? • Supply Side of School Reform

  27. The Limits of Systemic Reform • Established organizations do well by sticking to what works and incrementally improving • This can hinder ability to harness new advances, techniques, or technologies • Successful organizations are attuned to HR, technology, tools, and needs of landscape from which they came • This helps explain why Univac did not simply “become” IBM, and IBM did not “become” Dell

  28. The Entrepreneurial Premise • “Schools today confront challenges that our education system isn’t equipped to answer… Entrepreneurship recognizes that progress is messy, [as] workable and optimal solutions change over time [and]… reject[s] the notion that we can somehow anticipate the future and then race there in a predictable or orderly fashion.” – Educational Entrepreneurship

  29. The Supply-Side Premise • “Dramatic improvement in schooling will require the emergence of new problem-solvers, and the number, scope, and success of these ventures will depend on the larger political economy of K–12education.” – The Future of Educational Entrepreneurship

  30. Political Economy of the Supply Side • Human Capital • Financial Capital • Barriers to Entry • Quality Control and R&D

  31. The Supply Side • Tool Builders • Wireless Generation • SchoolNet • SMARTHINKING • Human Capital • Teach For America • New Leaders for New Schools • The New Teacher Project • Investors • NewSchools Venture Fund • Charter School Growth Fund • Knowledge Investment Partners • Infrastructure • The Mind Trust • New Schools for New Orleans • High Tech High Ed School • School Builders • KIPP Schools • Green Dot Public Schools • Achievement First

  32. The Shape ofAmerican Education Frederick M. Hess American Enterprise Institute www.aei.org/hess

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