Janusian Thinking 活動

1. Janusian Thinking 活動

2. Rothenberg 1. Rothenberg examined the creative process through extensive psychiatric interviews and experiments with artists and scientists. 2. Unlike the subjects of many other psychoanalytic researchers, his subjects were not patients in therapy, but willing participants in a research effort.

3. 3. Rothenberg identified specific thought processes that he believed are used by creative people across disciplines. 4. These processes “distinguish creative people from the rest of us.” 5. The first of these he called the janusian process (after Janus, the Roman god of doorways and beginnings, whose two faces look in opposite directions). 6. The second is the homospatial process.

4. The Homospatial Process 1. The second of Rothenberg’s creative processes is the homospatial process, conceiving of two or more entities occupying the same space at the same time. 2. This is the process leading to the development of metaphors.

6. Janusian Thinking 與太極圖的陰陽哲學 • According to Rothenberg (1990), Conveyed most meaningful by a visual symbol called t’ai-chi tu rather than words, …yin and yang represent universal opposite forces or principles, loosely stipulated as female and male principles, respectively, functioning together as a single larger principle…. The two forces of yin and yang are encompassed within the single circle—the circle denoting all of reality or all of the universe—and they are identical but opposed.

7. As implied by their placement and interlocking or flowing form within the circle, they operate together and in dynamic accord. The single larger principle emerging from the interaction and simultaneous operation of yin and yang is, according to Taoism, responsible for all change in the universe. Yin and yang are the regulators of the four seasons and, by extension, all moral effects. In short, they are the major factors underlying everything.

8. The initial Janusian notion of simultaneous opposition or antithesis has been further elaborated into a religious creation, a highly complex and detailed theology extending beyond the core concept. (p. 141)

9. Salvador Dalí • May 11, 1904 – January 23, 1989 • a Spanish Catalan surrealist painter • Dalí was highly imaginative, and also had an affinity for partaking in unusual and grandiose behavior, in order to draw attention to himself.

10. Nature Morte Vivante (Living Still Life), 1956

11. Maurits Cornelis Escher(M.C. Escher ) • 17 June 1898 – 27 March 1972 • a Dutch graphic artist （書畫藝術家） • known for his often mathematically inspired woodcuts （木版畫）, lithographs （平版印刷畫）, and mezzotints （金屬板印刷術）.

12. Stairs

13. Ascending and Descending

14. Waterfall

15. Drawing Hands

16. Liberation

17. Janusian Thinking 在廣告上的運用 • Tough on Dirt. Gentle on Fabrics. Whirlpool Washers • Our Prices are Down at Sun-Up. Carl’s Jr.

18. The Long Distance Service That Gives You More, Now Costs You Less. AT&T • Color That Looks Wet, Even When it’s Dry. Cover Girl Nail Slicks • Devilishly Good Taste, 90 Saintly Calories. Baskin Robbins Ice Cream • We’re First, Because we Last. Delta Faucet

19. Janusian Thinking 在音樂上的運用 • Arnold Schoenberg’s creation of the twelve-tone scale, an important development leading to the so-called atonal movement in modern music. • As he said, consonance and dissonance are equivalent. Dissonances are only the remote consonances.

20. Janusian Thinking 在生物上的運用 • The “double helix” structure of DNA shows a dramatic example of the operation of Janusian thinking in creative scientific thought. The double helix structure discovered by Waston contains two similar but opposed spatial forms.

21. Janusian Thinking 在物理上的運用 • According to Albert Einstein, a person or object is both moving and at rest at the same time.

22. Janusian Thinking 在語言上的運用 • oxymoron （矛盾相反語）is one of the quintessential examples of Janusian thinking in language arts. • Oxymoron is a rhetorical figure in which opposite and inconsonant terms are combined, for example, noisy silence, sweet burdens, jumbo shrimp, passive aggression, idiot savant, little giant, flawless imperfection, virtual reality, extensive briefing, least favorite, mournful optimist, wise folly, and so forth.

23. With an intriguing etymology, the word oxymoron first showed up in English around the 17th century. In ancient Greek, oxus means “pointed, keen or sharp,” whereas moron means “foolish or dull.” Interestingly, the word oxymoron is itself an exemplar of oxymoron because it literally means “pointedly foolish or sharply dull.” • On the surface, oxymoron may appear irrational, illogical, self-contradictory or even preposterous. However, at a deeper layer it often makes sense, is sometimes well-founded and profoundly true.

24. Truth is always paradoxical. Lao-Tzu • The test of a first-rate intelligence is the ability to hold two opposed ideas in the mind at the same time, and still retain the ability to function. F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896 - 1940), "The Crack-Up" (1936)

25. Paradoxical Proverb • More haste, less speed. （欲速則不達） • Everybody’s business is nobody’s business. • The search for happiness is one of the chief sources of unhappiness (Eric Hoffer). • A life of ease is a difficult pursuit (William Cowper). • A thing long expected takes the form of the unexpected when at last it comes (Mark Twain). • There is no exception to the rule that every rule has an exception (James Thurber).

26. The greatest hate springs from the greatest love (Thomas Fuller). • The love we give away is the only love we keep (Elbert Hubbard). • Parting is such sweet sorrow (William Shakespeare). • City Life. Millions of people being lonesome together (Henry David Thoreau).

27. When you add to the truth, you subtract from it (Talmud). • Please all, and you will please none (Aesop). • Nothing is permanent but change (Heraclitus). • Agreement is made more precious by disagreement (Publilius Syrus). • We are going to have peace even if we have to fight for it (Dwight D. Eisenhower).

28. In the theater the audience want to be surprised—but by things they expect (Tristan Bernard). • What acting really is, is pretending—while you’re pretending you’re not pretending (Ted Danson). • Comedy is simply a funny way of being serious (Peter Ustinov). • A celebrity is a person who works hard all his life to become well known, then wears dark glasses to avoid being recognized (Fred Allen).

29. From a worldly point of view, there is no mistake so great as that of always being right (Samuel Butler). • Giving is true having (Charles Haddon Spurgeon). • To be an ideal guest, stay at home (Edgar Watson Howe). • Originality is nothing but judicious imitation (Voltaire).

30. 分組活動 – 名言創作 ＊我們可以用 Janusian Thinking 來創作出自己的名言！ 請完成底下的句子： 例1：發明是新穎的也是陳舊的因為＿＿＿＿＿＿。 發明是新穎的也是陳舊的因為發明往往是舊有東西的重新組合。 例2：成功是喜悅的也是難過的因為＿＿＿＿＿＿。 成功是喜悅的也是哀傷的因為不是每個人都是樂見你的成功。

31. 例3：人生是簡單的也是困難的因為＿＿＿＿＿＿。例3：人生是簡單的也是困難的因為＿＿＿＿＿＿。 人生是簡單的也是困難的因為簡樸的生活獲得不易。 例4：天鵝是優雅的也是笨拙的因為＿＿＿＿＿＿。 天鵝是優雅的也是笨拙的因為他們在水上優雅卻在地上笨拙。 例5：虛榮是完美的也是缺陷的因為＿＿＿＿＿＿。 虛榮是完美的也是缺陷的因為外表的完美被拿去掩飾內在的缺陷。

32. 1.大都市是美麗的也是醜陋的因為＿＿＿＿＿＿。1.大都市是美麗的也是醜陋的因為＿＿＿＿＿＿。 2.消息是迅速的也是遲緩的因為＿＿＿＿＿＿。 3.壞習慣是容易的也是困難的因為＿＿＿＿＿＿。 4.今日的世界是變動的也是穩定的因為＿＿＿＿＿＿。 5.知識是慷慨的也是吝嗇的因為＿＿＿＿＿＿。 6.明智的應徵者是積極的也是消極的因為＿＿＿＿＿＿。

33. 7.夢想是虛幻的也是真實的因為＿＿＿＿＿＿。7.夢想是虛幻的也是真實的因為＿＿＿＿＿＿。 8.好的喜劇是輕鬆的也是嚴肅的因為＿＿＿＿＿＿。 9.政客是熱切的也是冷淡的因為＿＿＿＿＿＿。 10.不幸是黑暗的也是光明的因為＿＿＿＿＿＿。

34. ＊參考答案： • 大都市是美麗的也是醜陋的因為在五光十色的外表下充斥著犯罪與墮落。 • 消息是迅速的也是遲緩的因為壞事傳千里好事無人知。 • 壞習慣是容易的也是困難的的因為它容易養成卻不容易戒除。 • 今日的世界是變動的也是穩定的因為現在唯一不變的事物就是變。 • 知識是慷慨的也是吝嗇的的因為只有勤學的人才能享受它的盛宴。 • 明智的應徵者是積極的也是消極的因為他們作最好的準備也作最壞的打算。

35. 夢想是虛幻的也是真實的因為努力會使美夢成真。夢想是虛幻的也是真實的因為努力會使美夢成真。 • 好的喜劇是輕鬆的也是嚴肅的因為它用笑話來呈現教誨。 • 政客是熱切的也是冷淡的因為他們重視結果卻不管過程。 • 不幸是黑暗的也是光明的因為天無絕人之路。 ＊後續：請各組想出至少兩題（要有參考答案）提供給全班享用。

36. 分組活動 ＊請各組集體創作出一幅主題為有關「幽默」的圖畫（可應用象徵、類比等方法）。

37. 分組活動 —短篇故事創作 • 以屬性列舉法 (Attribute listing)創造出有趣的短篇故事。