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Lepton-Photon 2007 Summary and Outlook

Lepton-Photon 2007 Summary and Outlook. Young-Kee Kim The University of Chicago and Fermilab August 18, 2007 Daegu, Korea. What is the world made of? What holds the world together? Where did we come from?. Primitive Thinker.

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Lepton-Photon 2007 Summary and Outlook

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  1. Lepton-Photon 2007 Summary and Outlook Young-Kee Kim The University of Chicago and Fermilab August 18, 2007 Daegu, Korea

  2. What is the world made of? What holds the world together? Where did we come from? Primitive Thinker

  3. 1. Are there undiscovered principles of nature: New symmetries, new physical laws? 2. How can we solve the mystery of dark energy? 3. Are there extra dimensions of space? 4. Do all the forces become one? 5. Why are there so many kinds of particles? 6. What is dark matter? How can we make it in the laboratory? 7. What are neutrinos telling us? 8. How did the universe come to be? 9. What happened to the antimatter? Evolved Thinker From “Quantum Universe” and “Discovering Quantum Universe” Breakthroughs will likely come at Tera scale physics

  4. Laws of Physics in the Early Universe Higher Energy by Accelerators and other tools Astrophysical Observations

  5. Accelerators (output of Accelerator Science) are powerful tools for Particle Physics! KEKb, KEK, Tsukuba, Japan e-e+ collider PEP-II, SLAC, Palo Alto, USA e-e+ collider Tevatron, Fermilab, Chicago, USA proton-antiproton collider HERA, DESY, Hamburg, Germany e-proton or e+proton collider

  6. Colliders 2007 2010 2020 HERA CESR PEP II Tevatron LHC Proposed ILC KEK-B BES DEFINE Russia? (Future to be determined)

  7. HERA ended with xxxx (1992 – 2007) Congratulations!

  8. HERA: 1992 – 2007

  9. Accelerators (excluding colliders)for Neutrino and Precision Physics 2007 2010 2020 K2K MiniBooNE, SciBooNE NUMI (MINOS, MINERvA, NOvA) JPARC (T2K, Kaon) LHCb, neutrino in Europe

  10. Create particles that existed ~0.001 ns after Big Bang Tevatron E = mc2 particles Accelerators Inflation Big Bang particles anti-particles

  11. Elementary Particles and Masses top quark anti-top quark ne nm nt e-mt u d s c b . . . . - - - - - - - - ne nm nt e+mt u d s c b Z W+, W-  gluons (Mass proportional to area shown: = proton mass)

  12. Energy Frontier Accelerators International Linear Collider 0.5~1 TeV e+e- collider extending LHC discovery reach LHC at CERN 14 TeV pp collider from 2008 HERA at DESY 320 GeV ep 1992 – 2007 Tevatron at Fermilab 2 TeV pp-bar 1985 – 2009

  13. Beyond the ILC and the LHC • CLIC • Muon Collider • Very Large Hadron Collider

  14. Connection: Energy Frontier Acceleratorsmany activities around the world Tevatron HERA ILC Workshops Workshops LHC

  15. Remote Control Tevatron CDF - PISA LHC remote

  16. Origin of Mass: There might be something (new particle?!) in the universe that gives mass to particles x x x x x x x x x x x x x Nothing in the universe Something in the universe Higgs Particles: mass Electron Z,W Boson Top Quark Mass ∞ coupling strength to Higgs

  17. Higgs!

  18. Precision Electroweak Measurements

  19. HERA – Charged Current ep Scattering

  20. Tevatron’s Top Quark Discovery Top Mass Prediction by EWK Meas.s Top Mass Direct Measurements

  21. top 80.5 80.4 80.3 W bottom MW (GeV) 200 GeV Mhiggs = 100 GeV 300 GeV Higgs 500 GeV 1000 GeV W 150 175 200 Mtop (GeV) 1 GeV = 1 GeV / c2 ~ proton mass Higgs Mass Prediction via Quantum Corrections

  22. top W bottom Higgs W W and Top Mass: from 1998 to 2007 80.6 80.5 80.4 80.3 80.2 Tevatron + LEP2 … LEP1 + SLD … W Mass [GeV/c2] 130 150 170 190 210 Top Mass [GeV/c2] Higgs mass < ~144 GeV at 95%CL

  23. LHC (CMS) 130 GeV Higgs Tevatron: mtop= 171.4 ± 2.1 GeV! # of events / 0.5 GeV easy 5 Discovery Luminosity (fb-1) MW (GeV) Tevatron 2009 hard hard M(GeV) MHiggs (GeV) Mtop (GeV) Tevatron: Improve Higgs Mass Pred. via Quantum Corrections LHC: Designed to discover Higgs with Mhiggs = 100 ~ 800 GeV Will Tevatron’s prediction and possible observation agree with what LHC sees? Higgs sector may be very complex. New physics models expect multiple Higgs particles.

  24. Symmetry between fermions (matter) and bosons (forces) “Undiscovered new symmetry” superparticle e ~ e+ e- e e spin 1/2 spin 0 Me ≠ Me Supersymmetric Extension of Standard Model (SUSY) ~ solves SM problems: Higgs Mass, Unification, Dark Matter candidate, Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry, Connection to Dark Energy? LHC will be the greatest place to discover SUSY Higgs, SUSY particles!

  25. LHC Higgs (BSM)

  26. ILC Higgs

  27. SciBar Detector SciBar detector SciBar detector International Collaboration K2K Near Detector SciBooNE

  28. Higg

  29. Ruling out some of SUSY models by Tevatron • Many SUSY models affect significantly properties of Bs particles. • transition rate from Bs to its anti-particle: ms • rate of decay to  Tevatron’s first observation of ms: agreeing well with SM (see yesterday’s Chicago Tribune) Tevatron’s limits on Bs   decay rate < 1.0 x 10-7 Already put stringent limits on SUSY models. There is little room left for generic supersymmetry models that produce large flavor-changing effects. Direct searches for SUSY particles at Tevatron Will this agree with future discoveries?

  30. If we discover a “Higgs-like” particle, is it alone responsible for giving mass to W, Z, fermions? Experimenters must precisely measure the properties of the Higgs particle without invoking theoretical assumptions.

  31. protonanti-proton / proton e- e+ Tevatron / LHC ILC: • elementary particles • well-defined energy and angular momentum • uses its full energy • can capture nearly full information

  32. MHiggs = 120 GeV Number of Events / 1.5 GeV 100 120 140 160 Recoil Mass (GeV) Only possible at the ILC ILC can observe Higgs no matter how it decays! ILC simulation for e+e- Z + Higgs with Z  2 b’s, and Higgs  invisible ILC experiments will have the unique ability to make model-independent tests of Higgs couplings to other particles. This sensitivity is sufficient to discover extra dimensions, SUSY, sources of CP violation, or other novel phenomena.

  33. The Higgs is Different! All the matter particles are spin-1/2 fermions. All the force carriers are spin-1 bosons. Higgs particles are spin-0 bosons. The Higgs is neither matter nor force; The Higgs is just different. This would be the first fundamental scalar ever discovered. The Higgs field is thought to fill the entire universe. Could give a handle on dark energy(scalar field)? If discovered, the Higgs is a very powerful probe of new physics.Hadron collider(s) will discover the Higgs.ILC will use the Higgs as a window viewing the unknown.

  34. HERA: H1 + ZEUS Electromagnetic Force HERA Weak Force Stronger force f  Q2 [GeV2] Higher energy, Shorter distance

  35. 13 orders of magnitude higher energy 60 40 20 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 104 108 1012 1016 1020 Q [GeV] The Standard Model fails to unify the strong and electroweak forces.

  36. 60 40 20 0 With SUSY -1 -1 -1 But details count! Precision measurements are crucial. -1 104 108 1012 1016 1020 Q [GeV]

  37. Unifying gravity to the other 3 is accomplished by String theory. String theory predicts extra hidden dimensions in space beyond the three we sense daily. Can we observe or feel them? too small? Other models predict large extra dimensions: large enough to observe up to multi TeV scale. With SUSY

  38. Tevatron ILC e+ e-  e+ e- q q  GN GN Tevatron Sensitivity 2.4 TeV @95% CL Graviton disappears into the ED Production Rate DZero Mee [GeV] Collision Energy [GeV] Large Extra Dimensions of Space LHC qq,gg GNe+e-,+- Mee, [GeV] LHC can discover partner towers up to a given energy scale. ILC can identify the size, shape and # of extra dimensions.

  39. New forces of nature  new gauge boson Tevatron LHC ILC Events/2GeV 104 103 102 10 1 10-1 qq Z’ e+e- Related to origin of masses Tevatron sensitivity ~1 TeV CDF Preliminary Related to origin of Higgs Vector Coupling Related to Extra dimensions Axial Coupling Mee [GeV] M [GeV] LHC has great discovery potential for multi TeV Z’. Using polarized e+, e- beams and measuring angular distribution of leptons, ILC can measure Z’ couplings to leptons, discriminate origins of the new force.

  40. Dark Matter in the Laboratory A common bond between astronomers, astrophysicists and particle physicists Underground experiments may detect Dark Matter candidates. Only accelerators can produce dark matter in the laboratory and understand exactly what it is. LHC may find Dark Matter (a SUSY particle). ILC can determine its properties with extreme detail, to compute which fraction of the total DM density of the universe it makes.

  41. Particles Tell Stories! The discovery of a new particle is often the opening chapter revealing unexpected features of our universe. Particles are messengers telling a profound story about nature and laws of nature in microscopic world. The role of physicists is to find the particles and to listen to their stories.

  42. Discovering a new particle is Exciting! Top quark event recorded early 90’s We are listening to the story that top quarks are telling us: Story is consistent with our understanding of the standard model so far. But why is the mass so large? We are now searching for a story we have not heard before.

  43. Discovering “laws of nature” is even more Exciting!! Hoping in the next ~5 years LHC/Tevatron will discover Higgs. ILC will allow us to listen very carefully to Higgs. This will open windows for discovering new laws of nature. This saga continues…. There might be supersymmetric partners, dark matter, another force carrier, large extra dimensions, …… for other new laws of nature. Whatever is out there, this is our best opportunity to find it’s story!

  44. Precision Physics with quarks • Tevatron B, C, … • PEP II, KEK-B • DEPHINE • HERMES • Future • HERA B • Super B?

  45. MiniBooNE SciBooNE MINOS MINERvA NOVA T2K DUSEL -- NSF Non Accelerator based CHOOZ Daya Bay Korean/ Double beta decays Astrophysical observations Neutrinos

  46. Particle Astrophysics • Underground Experiment • Dark Matter • Telescope • Ground-based • Space-based

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