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Frankfurt, June 2011

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Frankfurt, June 2011

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  1. The Rationale behind Smart Grid Implementation and Current Pilot ProjectsRT 6b – Organisation of Grid OperationDr.-Ing. Peter BirknerManaging Director of RWE Rhein-Ruhr Netzservice GmbH (DL)Visiting Professor, TUKE Department of Electrical Power Engineering (SK)Chairman of Networks Council, Eurelectric (BE) Frankfurt, June 2011

  2. Curiculum Vitae of Peter Birkner Study of electrical power engineering and doctoral thesis at Technical University of Munich (Dipl.-Ing., Dr.-Ing.) Positions within RWE Group • Lechwerke AG, Augsburg (1987 – 2004; Vice President of Grid Division) • Wendelsteinbahn GmbH, Brannenburg (2004 – 2008; Managing Director) • Vychodoslovenska energetika a.s., Košice (2005 – 8/2008; Member of the Board and Executive Director) • RWE Rhein-Ruhr Netzservice GmbH, Siegen (since 9/2008; Managing Director) • Mainova AG, Frankfurt (from 7/2011; Member of the Board and Executive Director) Chairman Networks Council of Eurelectric, Brussels (since 6/2008) Visiting Professor at Technical University of Košice (since 6/2005) and Lecturer at the Universities of Bonn (since 1/2009) and Wuppertal (since 6/2010)

  3. RWE Group and the German Division Grids RWE Deutschland AG Siegen Distribution Grids within RWE Deutschland AG: Ownership and Concession Contracts, Asset and Regulatory Management Grid Services RWE Rhein-Ruhr Netzservice

  4. Extended area Wesel Regional- zentrum Ruhr Regional- zentrum Niederrhein NL Essen Regional- zentrum Neuss Neuss Düren Regional- zentrum Sieg Siegen Regional- zentrum Westliches Rheinland BE Core area Saffig Regionalzentrum Rauschermühle Regional- zentrum Rhein-Nahe- Hunsrück Regional- zentrum Trier LUX Trier Idar-Oberstein RWE Rhein-Ruhr Netzservice GmbH – World of Grids Scope of the Business • Planning, construction, operation, main-tenance and repairs of • All voltage levels of electricity • All pressure levels of natural gas • Water distribution systems • District heating systems • Street lighting systems • Logistics and management services Scale of the Business • 800 million € total annual turnover • 2 500 employees • Operation of about 100 000 km electrical network, gas, water and heat pipelines • Providing services for a core area of 30 000 km² • Providing services for municipalities, the industry, power generators and network companies (200 million € turnover) in Germany, Austria, Switzer-land, Luxemburg and The Netherlands (so far) Region, People, Values and Technology

  5. Agenda • Renewables as the driving force for changes • The role of new electricity applications • The impact on electrical grids • The specific role of smart meters • Generic technical structure of a smart grid • Current pilot projects • Market roles and interplay

  6. 1 20 % more renewable energies, 20 % less CO2 emissions and 20 % efficiency increase The impacts are: • Substantial increase of green electricity generation (35 % of total electrical energy ) • Dramatic increase of installed renewable power (100 % compare to conventional power) • New efficient and high powerelectric applications (heat pumps, air condition and “wireless” applications like electrical vehicles) • Storage and demand side management in order to compensate a highly volatile generation • Additional lines for transport and power balancing • Better monitoring of load flow in distribution grids and flexible response Energy world 2020: green, efficient, electric, volatile, power driven, based on lines

  7. 20.000 I. Intermitting generation, highly variable power and partially a sur-plus of generated power 18.000 16.000 Gesamte installierte Wind Leistung: 24.817 MW (01.12.2009) 14.000 II. Significant power gradients 12.000 Wind Power [MW] 10.000 Today‘s available hydro pump storage volume in Germany 8.000 6.000 2008 III. Long-term periods of low generation to be bridged 4.000 2.000 0 02.02. 03.02. 04.02. 05.02. 06.02. 07.02. 2009 Data Source: ISET 1 Wind generation and balance of the system

  8. 1 Storage of electrical energy Energy content of: • 1 m³ natural gas (0.7 … 0.8 kg) 32 … 38 MJ (32 … 38 MJ/m³) • Lifting up 1 m³ of water by 4 000 m 40 MJ(9.81 m/s²) • Increasing temperature of 1 m³ of water by 10 K 42 MJ (4.2 kJ/kg K) • 100 kg of Li-Ion batteries 36 MJ(100 Wh/kg) The integration of renewables into energy systems will lead to “smarter” electrical grids (better monitored and more flexible) which are closely linked to heat and gas systems

  9. 1 Storage options for electrical energy in Germany • National generation of electrical energy 640.00 TWh • Thereof 35 % renewables *) 224.00 TWh • National capacity of hydro pump storages 0.04 TWh(frequent charging and discharging with 7 000 MW possible) • 45 Million electrical cars with a 20 kWh battery each 0.90 TWh(frequent charging and discharging with high power possible) • 20 Billion m³ national storage capacity for natural gas 194.00 TWh(35 MJ/m³ – national annual consumption: 90 billion m³) Natural gas is a kind of natural storage option for electricity Gas and renewables are supplementary *) National energy strategy assumes reduction of overall electricity consumptionwhich means a lower energy generation based on renewables

  10. 1 Storage options are showing different characteristics • Mid-term (days, weeks, months) • x 100 MW • High voltage • Hydro storages • Pressurized air storages • Gas fired power plants combined with gas storages • Buffering time periods without wind or cloudy and rainy days • Short-term (minutes, hours) • x 1 MW • Medium and low voltage • Thermal inertia of buildings (CHP, heat pump, cooling) • Biogas fired generation • Batteries (immobile, mobile) • Domestic consumption (DSM) • Buffering clouds or night time All storage types can contribute to the balance of the system

  11. 2 A new volatile, high power challenge is occurring Available generation capacity in Germany 90 000 MW (100 %) Annual energy generation in Germany 640 TWh (100 %) Phasing in of electrical vehicles Charging 1 000 000 electrical cars at the same time Slow domestic charging (10 h; 1 x 16 A; 230 V) 3 700 MW (4,1 %) Fast charging (1 h; 3 x 63 A; 230 V) 40 000 MW (44,4 %) Annual electricity consumption (13 400 km/yr and 15 kWh / 100 km) 2 TWh (0,3 %) Increasing number of heat pumps and air condition systems Today's (2010) solar panels in Germany Power 12 000 MW (13,3 %) Energy 12 TWh (1,9 %)

  12. 3 Also distribution is part of the transportation challenge Load density: Rural region Eifel in the west of Germany Settlements Rural areas (farms) Unsupplied areas (lakes, forests) Generation density: Wind Solar Hydro Biomass

  13. 3 New challenges for existing grids are occurring … • Increased loads and generators will be dispersed inhomogeneous in the grid HV MV G LV G G G Increased loads Today‘s load G

  14. Supervision I G Autonomous Agent d 3 … and they are requesting a better state estimation … • It is no longer possible to supervise a whole line based on one “observation point” HV MV “Smart” grid G Voltage control LV Further load supervision necessary Supervision Supervision I G Risk of overload d “Strong” grid

  15. Autonomous Agent 3 … but also new active options in order to adjust in the grid … • Adjustment of sectionalizing and voltage allow higher energy transport HV MV 2 Risk of overload G G 1 Voltage control Risk of overload Automated adjustment of sections eliminates risk of overload

  16. 3 … and to contribute to the power balance • Balancing volatile generation and volatile load (DSM) HV MV Control “Online” metering and response

  17. Grid and technology • congestion management and power / frequency control • only location of the customer requested • high data sample rate necessary • local and automated use of data • options to react automated on congestions (demand side management or load flow control) in a transparent, objective and non- discriminatory manner • Market and power balance • power balance through market mechanisms • identification of customer requested • low data sample rate sufficient • centralized and individual use of data • options to react on surplus or lack of power in the system (demand side management) through an automated communication with the customer 4 Smart meters will have two functionalities “Smart” Meters Autonomous Agent Market Platform

  18. Price Reaction 120 min 60 min t Price 15 min 15 min t P 1 min 1 min f P 1 s 15 min t 5 Control levels of smart grids (MV and LV) Grid tariffs set by the DSO (predictable, time dependent) 3 Global electricity tariffs set by traders (intra day) 3 Frequency / power control in substations 2 Overload control on a regional level (LV, MV) 1 No oscillations of system! t Reaction time and data collection frequency

  19. 6 Field tests done by RWE • Mülheim: • Large scale smart metering, demand side management, smart home applications, • energy efficiency, flexible tariffs • Wiebelsheim – Laudert – Kisselbach • Smart metering, LV grid monitoring, glass fibre technology • Bittburg – Prüm • Voltage control, MV grid monitoring, integration of renewables, energy storage • Charging infrastructure for electrical vehicles

  20. 7 Summary • The future will be more green, however, it also will be more electric Introducing renewables requests more electrical lines (and permissions) More electricity applications support efficiency as well as the business case for smart metering (cost for infrastructure are independent from consumption) Basically, all components needed are available. There is space for optimization Missing standards and unclear expenditure / benefit situation are not supporting investments Investments require the chance to earn the capital costs (WACC) There will be substantial changes for customers. Thus, we have to integrate people into our ideas in order to get their support We should not forget about a world wide and concerted action as Europe and Germany has to stay competitive

  21. Natural gas high pressure LNG, Pipeline Adiabatic pressurized air storage Renewables x Gas firedpower plant Gas storage Fernwärme ~ ~ HV Renewables Natural gas low pressure x Sabatier process Electrolyticreaction MV Domestic heating ~ LV CO2 + 4 H2 → CH4 + 2 H2O Gas μCHP Solar panels, Electrical vehicles, Battery storages, Heat pumps, Smart homes 7 Coupling of heat, gas and electricity in a smart way Tramway

  22. Thanks a lot for your interest!

  23. A Market roles and interplay • Due to the increase of installed generation capacity and new tasks for the grid the whole • power system will be more expensive • Smart grids and demand side management can “reduce” this increase • Investment efforts and benefits of smart grids have to be shared between stakeholders • This has to be taken into account when it comes to a regulatory solution Society Investments Benefits Customer Supplier DSO DSO Example: the DSO is obliged to invest

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