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degrees of difference: education achievements of male and female students in b.c .

degrees of difference: education achievements of male and female students in b.c . Prepared by Joanne Heslop, Manager Student Transitions Project Last Update: January 28, 2011 This document is available at: http ://www.aved.gov.bc.ca/student_transitions/.

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degrees of difference: education achievements of male and female students in b.c .

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  1. degrees of difference:education achievements of male and female students in b.c. Prepared by Joanne Heslop, Manager Student Transitions Project Last Update: January 28, 2011 This document is available at: http://www.aved.gov.bc.ca/student_transitions/

  2. Introduction • The Student Transitions Project has assembled this set of facts by gender to provide a broad overview of the education achievements of male and female students in British Columbia. • On average, when compared to male students in B.C., female students: • achieve higher grade 12 grades, • attain higher grade 12 graduation rates, • achieve higher transition rates into B.C. public post-secondary education, and • attain a higher proportion of post-secondary credentials than male students. The findings in B.C. are consistent with the rest of Canada. The differences in male and female education achievements might be partially explained by the different rates of change in their employment rates and employment earnings at different levels of education. Student Transitions Project

  3. CONTENTS (A) BC Secondary School Fast Facts: • Grade-to-Grade Transition Rates • Grade 12 Graduation Rates (among eligible grade 12’s) • Grade 12 Academic GPA • Grade 12 High Achievers (B) Student Transitions into Post-Sec: • Immediate-Entry Transition Rates • Cumulative Three-year Transition Rates • “Gappers” by Grade 12 Graduation Region • First Type of Post-secondary Institution Attended • First Credential Sought • First Program Sought STP Facts by Gender More Student Transitions Project

  4. CONTENTS, cont. (C) Post-Secondary Credit Registrants: • By Post-Secondary Institution Type • By Credential Type • By Program (D) Post-Secondary Credentials Awarded: • By Credential Type • By Program Completed • Trend in All Credentials Awarded, 2003 to 2008 • Trend in Bachelors Degrees Awarded, 2003 to 2008 STP Facts by Gender More Student Transitions Project

  5. CONTENTS, cont. (E) Post-Secondary Enrollment in Canada: • University Enrollment in Canada, % Male vs. % Female • College Enrollment in Canada, % Male vs. % Female • Undergraduate Enrollment by Discipline, BC vs. Canada (F) B.C. Labour Market Information: • B.C. Unemployment Rates by Level of Education • B.C. Employment Income by Level of Education (G) Links STP Facts by Gender Student Transitions Project

  6. User’s Guide • Use mouse clicks or keyboard arrow keys to navigate forward or backward through these Facts by Gender. • Other navigation tools to click on: Return to the Table of Contents. Go to data slide for current definition/notes. Go to definition/notes for the current data slide. Print the current slide. Print All Facts (60 pages). Full document print option is only available from here. User’s Guide Student Transitions Project

  7. Part AB.C. Secondary SchoolFacts Student Transitions Project

  8. Grade to Grade Transition Rates Grade to Grade Transition Ratesare the proportion of students enrolled in a grade who advanced to the next higher grade. • The differences in grade-to-grade transition rates between male and female students are small. • At all grade levels (in 2008/09), females advanced to the next higher grade at slightly higher rates than males, except for grade 11 to grade 12. • 1 • Fact #1 Student Transitions Project

  9. Grade to Grade Transition Rates(2008/09) Fact #1 Source: http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/reports/pdfs/transition/public.xlsx, as at November 29, 2010. Student Transitions Project

  10. Eligible Grade 12 Graduation Rates Eligible Grade 12 Graduation Rateis the proportion of “eligible” grade 12 students who graduated. Note that “eligible” students are those who, if they pass all courses in which they were enrolled as of September, will have met all requirements to graduate. • From 2004/05 to 2008/09, the eligible grade 12 graduation rate for females has remained one to two percentage points above males. • Fact #2 • 2 Student Transitions Project

  11. Eligible Grade 12 Graduation Rates(2004/05 to 2008/09) Fact #2 Source: http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/reports/pdfs/graduation/prov.xlsx, as at November 29, 2010. Student Transitions Project

  12. Academic GPA’s of BC12 Graduates Academic GPA’s of B.C. Grade 12 Graduates are calculated by the STP as the average across four academic grade 12 subjects, including English 12 and each students’ best three other academic grade 12 subjects. Students with insufficient academic grade 12 subjects (and no academic GPA) are excluded from the averages. • Female grade 12 graduates have maintained a higher academic GPA than males, from 2001/02 to 2007/08. • The gap in the academic GPA between males and females has declined from 1.54 grade points in 2001/02 to 1.13 in 2006/07. • Note: Roughly half of each grade 12 graduation cohort did not complete the sufficient academic grade 12 subjects in order for STP to calculate their academic GPA. • Fact #3 • 3 Student Transitions Project

  13. Academic GPA’s of B.C. Grade 12 Graduates Fact #3 Source: Student Transitions Project, STP First Transitions (Grad 2001-02 thru 2007-08) Version 2010-03-30.xlsx. Student Transitions Project

  14. Grade 12 High Achievers Grade 12 High Achievers are students who achieved high academic GPA’s (75% GPA or higher) upon grade 12 graduation. See Fact #3 for more information on Academic GPA. • On average, from 2001/02 to 2007/08, 35% of all female grade 12 graduates (versus 27% of all male graduates) achieved an academic GPA of 75% or higher upon grade 12 graduation. • Fact #4 • 4 Student Transitions Project

  15. % of Grade 12 High Achievers(2001/02 to 2007/08) Females Fact #4 Males Source: Student Transitions Project, STP First Transitions (Grad 2001-02 thru 2007-08) Version 2010-03-30.xlsx. Student Transitions Project

  16. Part BStudent Transitions into Post-Secondary Education Student Transitions Project

  17. Immediate-Entry Transition Rates Immediate-Entry Transition Rates are the % of each B.C. grade 12 graduation cohort that enrolled in B.C. public post-secondary education within one year of graduation from high school. • Female grade 12 graduates have higher transition rates than males. • The transition rate gap between males and females is narrowing over time. • Fact #5 • 5 Student Transitions Project

  18. Immediate-Entry Transition Rates (2001/02 to 2007/08 Gr12 Grads) Fact #5 Source: Student Transitions Project, STP First Transitions (Grad 2001-02 thru 2007-08) Version 2010-03-30.xlsx. Student Transitions Project

  19. Cumulative Three-Year Transition Rates Cumulative Three-Year Transition Rate is the cumulative proportion of a B.C. grade 12 graduation cohort that has enrolled in B.C. public post-secondary education within three years of grade 12 graduation. • Female grade 12 graduates have higher transition rates into B.C. public post-secondary education than male graduates. • The gap between the two groups is relatively constant at 3 to 4 percentage points. • 6 • Fact #6 Student Transitions Project

  20. Cumulative 3-Year Transition Rates (2001/02 to 2005/06 Gr12 Grads) Fact #6 Source: Student Transitions Project, STP First Transitions (Grad 2001-02 thru 2007-08) Version 2010-03-30.xlsx. Student Transitions Project

  21. “Gappers” by Grade 12 Grad Region • Across the province, the proportion of all graduates who take a gap year ranges from a low of 9% among graduates in the Vancouver/Langararegion to a high of more than 14% among graduates of the Camosunand Northern Lights regions. • In most regions of the province, male grade 12 graduates are more inclined to take a gap year than females. • 7 • Fact #7 “Gappers” are students who took a year off between completing grade 12 and enrolling in post-secondary education. During this time period, these students often work or travel, or they might attend a B.C. private institution or a post-secondary institution outside of B.C. On average, 11% of B.C. grade 12 graduates take a gap year and this varies across regions of B.C. Student Transitions Project

  22. “Gappers”by Region of Grade 12 Graduation Fact #7 Student Transitions Project

  23. Type of Institution First Attended Post-Secondary Institution Type Attended. When students first enrol in post-secondary education after grade 12 graduation, the type of institution where they enrol is identified: Research-Intensive University, Teaching-Intensive University, Community College or Institute. • In 2008/09, the most popular destination for all immediate-entry students was a research-intensive university, and this was more so among females than males. • Each group of institution types enrolled a larger share of females than males, except for institutes (specifically BCIT) where there were nearly 4 times as many males as females. • 8 • Fact #8 Student Transitions Project

  24. Type of Institution First Attended (2007/08 Grads, Immediate Entry) (a) % Distribution by PSI Type (b) % Distribution by PSI Type and Gender Fact #8 Source: Student Transitions Project, STP First Transitions (Grad 2001-02 thru 2007-08) Version 2010-03-30.xlsx. Student Transitions Project

  25. First Credential Sought Credential Sought. When students first enrolled in B.C. public post-secondary institutions after graduating from grade 12 in 2007/08, the STP can identify the type of credential these students enrolled in, such as Bachelor’s Degree, Certificate, etc. • The most popular credential sought by 2007/08 grade 12 graduates who enrolled immediately in B.C. public post-secondary institutions in 2008/09 was a Bachelor’s Degree, of which 56% were female and 44% were male. • Males accounted for 93% of apprenticeship enrollment; females accounted for 7%. • 9 • Fact #9 Student Transitions Project

  26. First Credential Sought(Immediate-Entry, 2007/08 Grads) Fact #9 Source: Student Transitions Project, STP First Transitions (Grad 2001-02 thru 2007-08) Version 2010-03-30.xlsx. Student Transitions Project

  27. First Program Sought Program Sought. By using the Classification of Instructional Program (CIP) code, the STP identifies the type of program that students first enroll in. These programs are grouped and reported in clusters, such as Arts and Sciences, Health, Education, etc. • In 2008/09, the majority of immediate-entry students enrolled in Arts and Sciences programs , a study area comprised of 61% females and 39% males. • Females make up more than two-thirds of Health, Education and Visual & Performing Arts programs. Males comprise more than two thirds of Engineering and Trades programs. • 10 • Fact #10 Student Transitions Project

  28. First Program Sought(Immediate-Entry, 2007/08 Grads) Fact #10 Source: Student Transitions Project, STP First Transitions (Grad 2001-02 thru 2007-08) Version 2010-03-30.xlsx. Student Transitions Project

  29. Part CCredit Registrants in B.C. PublicPost-Secondary Institutions Student Transitions Project

  30. Credit Registrants by Institution Type Credit Registrants by Institution Type is the number of students actively enrolled in credit courses in academic year 2008/08, by type of institution. Students enrolled in non-credit courses are excluded. • The largest volume of credit registrants are enrolled in research-intensive universities. • Credit registrants at each group of institution type are dominated by female registrants, except institutes. • 11 • Fact #11 Student Transitions Project

  31. Credit Registrantsby Institution Type Fact #11 Source: Student Transitions Project, Post-Secondary Student Mobility Pivot Tables, based on Fall 2009 submissions. Student Transitions Project

  32. Credit Registrants by Credential Type Degree Credit Registrants by Credential is the number of students enrolled in credit courses in 2008/09, by type of credential sought. Students enrolled in non-credit courses are excluded. Gender Ratio is the number of male registrants per female registrant. Values below 1.0 indicate that there are fewer males than females; values above 1.0 indicate that there are more males than females in the program. • The majority of credit registrants are enrolled in Bachelor’s Degrees, a credential area with three-quarters as many males as females. • Each credential category is dominated by females, except for Doctorates and miscellaneous “other undergraduate” credentials. • 12 • Fact #12 Student Transitions Project

  33. Credit Registrantsby Credential Type Fact #12 Note: “Other Undergraduate” includes post-degree diplomas, first professional degrees, advanced diplomas, post-degree certificates. “Other Graduate” includes graduate certificates and diplomas. Source: Student Transitions Project, Post-Secondary Student Mobility Pivot Tables, based on Fall 2009 submissions. Student Transitions Project

  34. Credit Registrants by Program Credit Registrants by Program is the number of students enrolled in credit courses in academic year 2008/09, by type of program area, based on the Classification of Instructional Program (CIP) code. Students enrolled in non-credit courses are excluded. Note that registrants in Developmental and Trades programs may be under-reported because some institutions record hours (rather than credits) for these students. Gender Ratio see Fact #12defn. • The majority of registrants are enrolled in Arts and Sciences programs, a program area with two-thirds as many males as females. • Each program area is dominated by females, except for Trades and Engineering and Applied Sciences. • 13 • Fact #13 Student Transitions Project

  35. Credit Registrantsby Program Area Fact #13 Source: Student Transitions Project, Post-Secondary Student Mobility Pivot Tables, based on Fall 2009 submissions. Student Transitions Project

  36. Part DPost-SecondaryCredentials Awarded Student Transitions Project

  37. All Credentials Awarded, by Type All Credentials Awarded by Type refers to the number of students who received each type or level of credential from B.C. public post-secondary institutions in 2008, such as Bachelor’s Degree, Certificate, Diploma, and others listed in the chart. Note that apprenticeship credentials are awarded by the Industry Training Authority (ITA) and generally not reported by post-secondary institutions and are thus under-reported here. Gender Ratio is provided in Fact #14b and defined in Fact #12. • Credentials are awarded to more females than males across all credential types, except for Apprenticeships and Doctorates. • Bachelor’s degrees are awarded to roughly two-thirds as many males as females. • 14 • Fact #14 Student Transitions Project

  38. All Credentials Awarded, by Type (Calendar Year 2008) Fact #14a Note: “Other Undergraduate” includes post-degree diplomas, first professional degrees, advanced diplomas, post-degree certificates. “Other Graduate” includes graduate certificates and diplomas Source: STP, Credentials Awarded by Calendar Year (2003 to 2008). Student Transitions Project

  39. Gender Ratio by Type of Credential Completed, 2008 Fact #14b >>> 20.43 Source: STP, Credentials Awarded by Calendar Year (2003 to 2008). Student Transitions Project

  40. Credentials Awarded, by Program Credentials Awarded, by Program is the number of students who received a credential from B.C. public post-secondary institutions in calendar year 2008, by program. The program information is derived from the Classification of Instructional Program (CIP) code associated with the program for each credential awarded. Gender Ratio is the number of male program completers per female program completers (see Fact #15b for summary). Gender ratio definition is provided in Fact #12. • The majority of credential completers in 2008 were in Arts and Sciences programs, of which two-thirds were female. • Credential completers in Trades and Engineering and Applied Sciences programs were dominated by males. • Females outnumbered males in all other program areas completed, with a notable dominance in Health and Education programs. • 15 • Fact #15 Student Transitions Project

  41. Credentials Awarded, by Program (Calendar Year 2008) Fact #15a Source: STP, Credentials Awarded by Calendar Year (2003 to 2008). Student Transitions Project

  42. Gender Ratio (M:F), by Completed Credential Program Area, 2008 >>> 5.69 Fact #15b Source: STP, Credentials Awarded by Calendar Year (2003 to 2008). Student Transitions Project

  43. Trends – All Credentials Awarded All Credentials Awarded from 2003 to 2008 by B.C. public post-secondary institutions, includes all credential types listed in Fact #14a. • Over the six-year period, from 2003 to 2008, a total of 314,649 credentials were awarded from B.C. public post-secondary institutions, of which 55% were awarded to females and 43% to males. • 16 • Fact #16 Student Transitions Project

  44. All Credentials Awarded 2003 to 2008 Fact #16 Note: A total of 314,649 credentials were awarded from 2003 to 2008, including 4,929 students with gender unknown. Source: STP, Credentials Awarded by Calendar Year (2003 to 2008). Student Transitions Project

  45. Trends - Bachelor’s Degrees Awarded Bachelor’s Degrees Awarded is the count of Bachelor’s Degrees awarded annually by B.C. public post-secondary institutions. • Over the six-year period, from 2003 to 2008, a total of 108,915 Bachelor’s Degrees were awarded, of which 61% were awarded to females and 38% to males. • In the last five years, females have consistently earned at least 60% of all Bachelor’s Degrees awarded in B.C. • 17 • Fact #17 Student Transitions Project

  46. Bachelor’s Degrees Awarded 2003 to 2008 Fact #17 Note: A total of 108,915 Bachelor's Degrees were awarded from 2003 to 2008, including 1,646 students with gender unknown. Source: STP, Credentials Awarded by Calendar Year (2003 to 2008). Student Transitions Project

  47. Part EPost-Secondary Enrollmentin Canada Student Transitions Project

  48. University Enrollment in Canada University Enrollment in 2007/08 in each province in Canada is available from Statistics Canada by province and by full-time or part-time status. The % distribution of university enrollment between males and females, by province and full-time/part-time status is provided. • On average, 57% of the full-time university enrollment in Canada in 2007/08 was comprised of females and 43% males. This is consistent with the proportion in B.C. • For the country as a whole, 67% of part-time university students were female (vs. 32% male). B.C. has the lowest proportion of females (58%) and highest share of males (43%) participating in university on a part-time basis. • 18 • Fact #18 Student Transitions Project

  49. University Enrollment in Canada, % Male-Female by Province, 2007/08 Full-Time University Part-Time University Fact #18 Source: CAUT Almanac 2010-11, Table 3.4, Full-time and Part-time University Enrolment, 2007-08, originally from Statistics Canada. Student Transitions Project

  50. College Enrollment in Canada College Enrollment in 2007/08 in each province in Canada is available from Statistics Canada by province and by full-time or part-time status. The % distribution of college enrollment between males and females, by province and full-time/part-time status is provided. • On average, 58% of the full-time college enrollment in B.C. in 2007/08 was comprised of females and 42% males. In the Maritime Provinces, part-time males exceed part-time females. • The % distribution of females (64%) and males (36%) enrolled part-time in college is roughly the same as the average for Canada (61% vs. 39%). • 19 • Fact #19 Student Transitions Project

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