National University of Sciences & Technology

1. National University of Sciences & Technology

2. Overview • Developed and Developing Countries • Little Known Facts About Pakistan • Govt initiatives in Bridging Digital Divide • Pakistan Educational Research Network Architecture • NUST-CERN-Caltech Research Collaboration initiative • Research Performance Analysis • Conclusion • Recommendations

3. “Developed Countries” • A “Developed Country” (not necessarily a rich one) has gone, sometime in its past history, through the cycle: • improvements to its population’s level ofeducation • progress in (and application of)science & technology • deploymentof its own (and other’s)natural resources • wealth generation through manufacture or services • improvement to infrastructure(of education, industry, energy supply, services, communications…) • leading to competitivity and productivity, better social conditions and higher standard of living Arshad Ali, NUST, Pakistan 23-24 Oct 03

4. “Developing Countries” “Developing Countries” A “Developing Country” (not necessarily a poor country) is in the process of deploying: - itshuman resources (educated people) - itsnatural resources (prospecting, exploiting and transforming into higher-value items), and - itsinfrastructure (of education, health, industry, transport & communications, water & energy supply, environmental, etc) in order to make its economy more efficient and competitive Arshad Ali, NUST, Pakistan 23-24 Oct 03

5. China China 2002 Afghanistan Iran India Afghanistan Kashmir Islamabad Dr Abdus Salam Lahore Quetta Multan Iran India Karachi Arabian Sea

6. Government-Parliamentary form Capital – Islamabad Languages : English (official) Urdu (national) 140 million people Per capita income - $ 460 (US) Hospitals – 830 Professional colleges - 161 Universities - 43 Pakistan (little known facts)

7. Pakistan (little known facts) • One million internet users • Over 400 cities connected to internet • VoIP capability • Islamabad ranked among best cities in Asia by Asiaweek Magazine (April 2002) • Outside of U.S. and U.K. 10% of all English speaking people in the world live in Pakistan.

8. Violent Crime Rate(Per 1000 People)Seventh United Nation Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice System. Covering 1998-2000 for Country Data FBI Uniform Crime Report for City Data

9. Human Resources: Talented and Educated People • Talented people are born anywhere in the world they are not a privilege of developed countries! Talented people without education,however, will remain talented but uneducated people! Talented, but uneducated people: • will not contribute much to their country’s development • some of them will even use their talents in a detrimental way

10. Educated, not just Talented People Maxwell, Thomson, Rutherford, Curie, Fermi, Dirac, Einstein (physics), Watson, Crick (biology), Mendeleev, Pauling (chemistry), Fleming, Pasteur (medicine)….have dramatically changed our world through their research followed by its technological applications All these scientists were not just talented, they were found to be talented as they were educated!Therefore, without education their talents would have been lost for the progress of mankind!

11. Natural Resources & Infrastructure Educated peopleare anecessary, butnot a sufficientcondition for the development of a country: A country’s wealth thus depends on its educated people producing items or a providing service - commerce or just selling natural resources does not produce wealth

12. S&E Researchers per Million Inhabitants Numbers Council of Higher Education, Turkey-Web Site

13. Best Capital Investment Country = Talented and Educated People Japan is a striking example: it was a poor island nation with few natural resources and bad infrastructure (as well as closed ports until the late 19th century) - but Japan always had a strong tradition for good education. When Japan “opened up ” in about 1880, it began to complement the education of its most talented people by sending them to study in “developed countries”. Some 30 years after its “opening to the World” Japan’s navy destroyed the Russian fleet at Tsushima. One generation later later, and (like Germany) following its total destruction, Japan (with less inhabitants than Pakistan) succeeded to rebuild its country to become the second most powerful economy on the globe

14. Need of a Modern Infrastructure Next to the need for educated people, a country needs modern and competitive infrastructure and proper tools as the working environment An obsolete or decrepit infrastructure in universities, institutes or hospitals, inadequate equipment, poor communication networks, and to a certain degree also low salaries etc. cause the best scientists to migrate to better equipped countries whilst the other scientists “stay at home” --> A very negative “Darwinistic process” <--

15. The “Negative” Development Aid A “Developing Country” with a poor infrastructure (in particular in the area of science, research and education) is often providing, “free of charge”, its most talented people (who’s education it paid from its scarce resources) to Developed Countries Therefore, investments in education are wasted if no investments are also madein the science, research and education infrastructure (+ salaries)

16. EXPORT PERFORMANCE COMPARISON: SELECTED COUNTRIES US$ BILLION CHINA KOREA MALAYSIA THAILAND PAKISTAN 1960-80 in Korea employment of GMs doubled while that of engineers Increased Ten Fold. Source: WTO, Database

17. Help scientists from Developing Countries to work “at home” Governmentsshould therefore make their best effort to provide opportunities to its scientists to work in their home country, and make it also attractive for them work there. Governments should also provide good communications with the rest of the world Arshad Ali NUST Pakistan 23-24 Oct 03

18. Science cannot progress in Isolation However, science has become rather complex, and only very few scientists can make any progress in isolation: “to limit the community of scientists to a small group leads to common spiritual poverty” (A. Einstein) Most scientists in isolation will soon cease to be scientists - as such they will no longer be able to educate younger talents, and their “knowledge” will eventually have become obsolete. This was recognized by Abdus Salam, and others when they promoted institutions like the ICTP, ……. Arshad Ali NUST Pakistan 23-24 Oct 03

19. International Basic Science Collaborations At the same time, scientists must be also able to collaborate with their colleagues from other countries - as otherwise they would soon be “out of touch”, i.e. they would become much less useful (or quite useless) for the development of their own country… and there are plenty of opportunities for international basic science collaborations (CERN, FNAL, ICTP, GENOME etc which are a good training ground - or an opportunity to make a major contribution to mankind

20. China 2003 Afghanistan Iran India SDH/PDH (525/622 Mb/s) backbone being upgraded to DWDM 10 Gb/s Arshad Ali NUST Pakistan 23-24 Oct 03

21. Bandwidth Available October 2000:32 Mb/sMar 2002:265 Mb/s Aug 2003: 610 Mb/s today Start point

22. Plummeting costs…. June 2000:US$ 87,000/E1 October 2003:US$ 5,400/E1 Start point Today

23. Internet user growth June 2000:130,000 Oct 2003: 5,400,000 Total users more than 5 Million! Dial up Start point Today

24. Cellular explosion Jan 2001: 225,000 Oct 2003: 2,450,000 Start point Today CPP

26. NUST-CERN Collaboration • Dec 2000: CERN scientists visited NUST • Feb 2001: WISDOM II Project started at NUST with CERN and University of West England (UWE) UK • April 2001: Monalisa module development started with Caltech, USA (Thanks to Ian Willers, Harvey Newman and Richard McClatchey for their role in making this a success)

27. Collaboration Projects • End Host Monitoring Agent (EMA) for MonaLisa -- Caltech, USA • IP Network Topology Discovery Module -- Caltech, USA • Grid Enabled Analysis Application for Handheld Devices --Caltech, USA • Java Based Claren Server for Physics Analysis -- Caltech, USA • Data Warehousing Services for Grid -- Caltech, USA

28. Collaboration Projects • Establishment of CMS Production Centre and LCG Grid deployment -- CMS CERN • Integration of Agents and Web Services in Semantic Grid -- Comtec Japan • FIPA Compliant Multi Agent System -- Comtec Japan • Mobilen Grid for Ubquitous computing –KHU Korea

29. JAS interfacing to Clarens being developed in collaboration NUST Scientists

30. Annual Report For Award #0218937Harvey B Newman ; California Inst of Tech (ITR) CMS Analysis: an Interactive Grid-Enabled Environment (CAIGEE) • Participant Individuals:Senior personnel(s) : Conrad Steenberg; Ian Fisk; Julian J Bunn; Eric Aslakson; Iosif LegrandGraduate student(s) : Ashiq Anjum (NUST) NUST CALTECH collaboration on JClarens, JASOnPDA/WiredOnPDA.

31. MonaLisa • MonaLisa is running and being developed at : Caltech, UCSD, Fermilab, UFL, CERN, UPB, NUST Source: http://monalisa.cacr.caltech.edu/tests_SC2002.html Pakistan (Nust)

33. Grid analysis demo by Caltech, CERN, KEK (Japan), Sinica (Taiwan), NUST (Pakistan), UERJ (Rio de Janeiro), PUB (Bucharest).

34. Pakistan

35. Establishment of LHC Grid Node at NUST • Establishment of LHC Grid node at NUST • Grid node will help in developing state of the art technologies in Pakistan for socio-economic development • Strengthen research in priority areas • Breed technologies for Pakistani industrial sector • Enhance scientific research profile of Pakistan

36. Collaborative activities by VRVS

37. VRVS at NUST Pakistan

38. IEPM/PingERInternet End-to-end Performance Monitoring and the PingER project NIIT & SLAC Research Collaboration

39. Measurements of Internet performance for NIIT, Pakistan Jan 2004 Karachi Routes: ESnet (hops 3-8) - DC ATT (9-21) - Karachi NIIT/Rawalpindi Routes: ESnet (hops 3-6) - SNV SINGTEL (7-12) - Karachi Pakistan Telecom Karachi Rawalpindi Loss % Islamabad RTT ms Routes: ESnet (hops 3-6) - SNV SINGTEL (7-12) - Karachi Pakistan Telecom Karachi Lahore Lahore

40. NIIT performance from U.S. (SLAC) Preliminary results, started measurements end Dec 2003. Nb. Heavy losses during congested day-times Avg daily: loss~2%, RTT~320ms Ping RTT & Loss Bandwidth measurements using packet pair dispersion & TCP ABW (pkt-pair dispersion):Average To NIIT: ~350Kbits/s From NIIT: 365 Kbits/s Iperf/TCP: Average: To NIIT: ~320Kbits/s From: NIIT 40Kbits/s Can also derive throughput (assuming standard TCP) from RTT & loss using: BW~1.2*S(1460B)/(RTT*sqrt(loss) This yields about 160Kbits/s

41. APNIC

42. Resources Services IPv4, IPv6, ASN, reverse DNS Policy development Approved and implemented by membership APNIC whois db whois.apnic.net Registration of resources Information dissemination APNIC meetings Web and ftp site Mailing lists Open for anyone! Training Courses Subsidised for members Co-ordination & liaison With membership, other RIRs & other Internet Orgs. APNIC Services & Activities

43. Research Performance Measures • Need to look at investment vis-à-vis benefits accrued to the nation • Intellectual input by Faculty and UG/PG students • Output • No of Research Students (MS/PhD) Completed • Research Funding attracted • Research Papers Published

44. Research Team 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Five MS and One MPhil studies completed under joint supervision of International and NUST Faculty

45. Caltech (39000) European Commission (468110) CERN (115800) Korean Univ (388800) Pakistan (18750) MamoGrid (108000) NUST Attracted Research Funding in USD • Total: 1.69 Mil USD • Form of Funding • Ms/PhD funding • Students visits • Lab equipment • CERN fellowship • PC-1 Govt of Pakistan

46. Research Papers

47. Current Status Six students undergoing PhD studies (UWE, CERN, Caltech, KOREA, Univ of Portsmouth) as continuation of their initial CERN related research conducted at NUSTFour team members Trained in Korea for Embedded Systems Training Nine students benefited from visits to CERNRich research culture established at NUST

48. Conclusion • Knowledge is expanding at an exponential rate • Important to address the digital divide in an aggressive manner • Failure will threaten peace and development to the humanity • Scientific collaborations can play key role in bridging the digital divide Arshad Ali, NUST, Pakistan 23-24 Oct 03

49. Recommendation • Developed countries scientists shall identify and form research collaboration partnership of mutual interest in developing countries • Retiring Profs from developed countries, willing to spend some time with academic institutions in developing countries can play major role in this effort • Help/support in building academic strength is much more beneficial than pledging money by international organizations

50. Recommendation • World Bank/UN shall ensure that a good percentage of the loan / donation is spent on education by the developing countries • International scientific community can play key role in making developing countries aware about need for high speed network requirements: ( Thanks to Harvey Newman and Ian Willers )