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DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE & COOPERATION MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE CROPS DIVISION

STEPS FOR ENHANCING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF CROPS. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE & COOPERATION MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE CROPS DIVISION. SCENARIO OF FOODGRAINS PRODUCTION. Foodgrains production has increased from 50.82 million tonnes in 1950-51 to 212.05 million tonnes in 2003-04.

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DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE & COOPERATION MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE CROPS DIVISION

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  1. STEPS FOR ENHANCING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF CROPS DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE & COOPERATION MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE CROPS DIVISION

  2. SCENARIO OF FOODGRAINS PRODUCTION Foodgrains production has increased from 50.82 million tonnes in 1950-51 to 212.05 million tonnes in 2003-04 Crop 1950-51 1964-65 2003-04 Rice 20.58 39.31 87.00 Wheat 6.46 12.26 72.06 Maize 1.73 4.66 14.72 Millet 13.65 20.71 23.04 Pulses 8.41 12.42 15.23 Total Foodgrains 50.82 89.36 212.05

  3. Growth Rate of productivity of foodgrain crops % per annum Crop 1980-81 to 1990-91 to 2000-01 to 1989-90 1999-2000 2003-04 Rice 3.19 1.34 0.88 Wheat 3.10 1.83 -0.53 Coarse Cereals 1.62 1.82 3.54 Pulses 1.61 0.93 3.22 Total Foodgrains 2.74 1.52 0.94

  4. TO DAY, IN THE WORLD, INDIA IS THE 2nd LARGEST PRODUCER OF RICE AFTER CHINA WHEAT AFTER CHINA GROUNDNUT AFTER CHINA Evaluation of technologies, infrastructural development and govt. policies have made the farmers realize higher crop productivity, per unit area and expand the agricultural activities.

  5. CEREALS All India average yield FLD’ s yield % Gap Rice 2.09 3.53 40.8 Wheat 2.77 3.79 26.9 Sorghum 0.79 1.80 56.1 Pearl Millet 0.88 1.99 55.8 Finger Millet 1.42 1.94 26.8 Maize 2.02 3.99 49.4 Gap in Productivity (t/ha)

  6. Pulses (t/ha)

  7. Oilseeds (t/ha)

  8. PLANT NUTRIENT USE ZoneN,P & K useN:P:K use ratio (kg/ha) (Optimum ratio 4:2:1) South 122.15 3.30 : 1.56 : 1.00 West 55.17 7.62 : 3.50 : 1.00 North 138.45 29.12 : 8.69 : 1.00 East 86.48 4.06 : 1.52 : 1.00 N. East 35.04 2.64 : 1.27 : 1.00 All India 90.12 6.78 : 2.62 : 1.00

  9. SEED REPLACEMENT RATE (SRR) Desirable SRR Self pollinated crops 20% Cross pollinated crops 33.3% Hybrids 100% The overall SRR is estimated to be < 15% In pulses and oilseeds, SRR is very low

  10. State % Area % Production Productivity q/ha Uttar Pradesh 36.56 36.27 25.96 Rajasthan 7.20 7.50 27.09 M. Pradesh 12.39 6.59 13.92 16.20 Bihar 8.73 6.33 19.03 Maharashtra 3.06 1.51 12.95 W. Bengal 1.65 1.37 21.89 Uttranchal, 1.65 1.15 18.25 Haryana Punjab 9.10 13.60 14.2 21.78 40.53 42.00 Enhancement of productivity of wheat in the potential states: ( 2002-03)

  11. State Area % Production % Productivity q/ha Uttar Pradesh 10.91 11.16 18.36 Bihar 8.91 6.85 13.86 Assam 6.31 5.15 14.71 Orissa 4.27 4.46 7.55 15.88 Chattisgarh 9.0 3.5 7.03 13.32 Jharkhand 2.25 2.94 14.30 M. Pradesh 3.60 1.24 6 to 9 Punjab Haryana 6.28 2.24 12.22 3.40 35.10 27.00 Enhancement of productivity of rice in the potential states: ( 2002-03)

  12. Available rice varieties for Bihar & Orissa

  13. STATUS OF KHARIF PRODUCTION

  14. Crop Production Rabi 2003-04 Targets Rabi 2004-05 Foodgrains 100.01 111.30 Rice 13.08 14.46 Wheat 72.06 79.50 Total coarse cereals 5.97 8.14 Total cereals Pulses 8.90 9.20 Oilseeds 8.13 9.91 Targets for Rabi 2004-05 (mt) 91.99 102.10

  15. Rabi crops : Sowing progress by 15th December, 2004

  16. CROP SPECIFIC ISSUES Wheat # Sowing is nearing completion except in case of delayed sowings, especially in rice - wheat, potato - wheat, toria -wheat, s/cane - wheat systems. Follow up action required: # Timely irrigation especially at the tail end of canal. # Enhance the input use efficiency: Chickpea • One life saving irrigation at flowering / podding stage can enhance productivity to the extent of 20 to 30%. • Application of IPM for management of Helicoverpa ( pod borer) has proved rewarding.

  17. Rapeseed/Mustard • Adopt IPM for management of insect pests and diseases especially aphids, white rust and Alternaria blight RABI-SUMMER RICE • Replace pest susceptible varieties with pest resistance HYVs • Encourage timely planting • Maintenance of proper plant stand, increased use of organics with INM concept

  18. Enhancing productivity • Promote hybrids in rice, cotton, sunflower, maize, pearl millets, sorghum and other crops where hybrids are available • Manage insect pests and diseases through IPM • Balanced use of nutrients through INM • Identify crop-wise potential regions and adopt improved package of production on priority • Adopt cropping system approach instead of individual crop to restore fertility • Promote in-situ moisture conservation in drylands and judicious use of water resources to provide life saving irrigations • Promote mechanization to raise efficiency of farm operations

  19. National Priorities Diversification of cropping systems Increasing productivity through use of IPM and INM Quality seed production and enhancement in seed replacement rate (SRR) Value addition through improvement in post-harvest management Accelerating production of oilseed and pulses through inter cropping/ area expansion/ productivity enhancement

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