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Phosphorus in the Great Lakes: The Rules Have Changed Harvey Bootsma

Explore the impact of phosphorus levels in the Great Lakes and the changing regulations. Find out how agricultural practices and water quality initiatives are addressing the issue.

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Phosphorus in the Great Lakes: The Rules Have Changed Harvey Bootsma

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  1. Phosphorus in the Great Lakes: The Rules Have Changed Harvey Bootsma

  2. Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement Total Phosphorus Target Concentrations: Lake Superior = 5 mg / L Lake Michigan = 7 mg / L Lake Huron = 5 mg / L Lake Erie = 10 / 15 mg / L Lake Ontario = 10 mg / L

  3. P loading trends in the Great Lakes Dolan and Chapra, 2012

  4. Lake Erie Algal Bloom NOAA / NASA

  5. Phosphorus Concentrations in Lake Erie EPA, Great Lakes National Program Office

  6. More P is in dissolved reactive form P. Richards, Heidelberg College

  7. Hypoxia in Lake Erie Stuart Ludsin, The Ohio State University Tom Johengen, U. of Michigan CILER

  8. Factors favoring toxin-forming cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) 1. High dissolved phosphorus concentrations. 2. Warm temperatures. 3. Calm conditions. 4. Selective grazing by zebra mussels and quagga mussels. 5. Alteration of nitrogen : phosphorus ratio by mussels.

  9. P in Wisconsin Cropland Average [P] (ppm) 2000- 04 Soil P Storage Change (kg ha-1) Bundy and Sturgul(2001)

  10. P in New York Cropland Ketterings et al. (2005)

  11. Figure provided by Potash and Phosphate Institute

  12. Long-term Influence of Soil P on Lake P Soil P inputs reduced after year 250 Soil [P] Sediment [P] P Inputs to Soil (g m-2 y-1) Phosphorus Density (g m-2) We are here Water [P] at current input Water [P] Net P Input to soil Year Source: S.R. Carpenter, 2005, Proc Nat. Acad. Sci. 102:10002-10005.

  13. Milwaukee River Transect, April 2005 SRP (mg L-1)

  14. Phosphorus Loading (g P m-2 year-1) Mean Depth (m) Vollenweider (1968 Horne & Goldman (1983)

  15. Annual P Load Total P in Lake (metric tons) (metric tons) Huron 3,000 8,843 Michigan 3,000 14,760

  16. Tom Nalepa, NOAA GLERL

  17. River load: 120 mg P m-2 Mussel Excretion: 506 mg P m-2 Cladophora zone 10 km 10 km Milwaukee region Nearshore Phosphorus loads, May – July 2006 Milwaukee R. Menomonee R. Kinnickinnic R.

  18. Big change in summer chlorophyll

  19. Pelagic prey fish: lakewide fall survey (9-110 m) USGS-GLSC bottom trawl survey

  20. Management Challenge: • The Phosphorus Conundrum • Will a reduction in P loading fix the Cladophora problem? • Will a reduction in P loading exacerbate the problem of low plankton production offshore? • The rules of the game have changed. We need to determine the P loading “sweet spot” for each lake. • Linking agricultural and water quality management.

  21. Green Streets Stormwater Retention Plan

  22. Syracuse, NY

  23. Porous pavement

  24. MMSD 2020 Water Quality Initiative MMSD Greenseams Program

  25. Lake Whitefish Condition Madenjian et al. 2002

  26. Baumann and Walling (2013)

  27. Baumann and Walling (2013)

  28. UK water company Thames Water is now extracting phosphate from sewage waste

  29. Graph showing world phosphate rock production, 1900–2012, reported by US Geological Survey

  30. 18 %

  31. Laundry Detergent

  32. Changing agricultural practices

  33. Improved sewage treatment

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