1 / 16

Hierarchical Organization

Hierarchical Organization. A skilled act may be thought of as following a hierarchical organization pattern, whereas an unskilled act lacks such organization. Skill Phases. Phase 1. Preliminary movements get ready for skill footwork , balance, posture, “ ready stance”.

christmas
Download Presentation

Hierarchical Organization

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Hierarchical Organization • A skilled act may be thought of as following a hierarchical organization pattern, whereas an unskilled act lacks such organization

  2. Skill Phases

  3. Phase 1 • Preliminary movements • get ready for skill • footwork, balance, posture, • “ready stance”

  4. Phase 2 • Back-swing or recovery movements • take place just before force-producing movements, prepping body for force • i.e. back-swing in badminton or golf

  5. Phase 3 • Force-producing movements • executed to produce force for impact or propulsion • i.e. forward swing of leg in soccer kick or of arm and stick in hockey slap shot

  6. Phase 4 • Critical Instant • point that determines how effective execution of a skill is ultimately going to be • i.e. when foot hits ball in soccer shot, tennis racket hits ball in backswing or hand hits volleyball in serve • Cannot make any adjustments at critical instance to alter its effectiveness, must make changes beforehand • Passes so quickly that it is almost unobservable (but possible using videotape analysis)

  7. Phase 5 • Follow Through • Takes place after critical instant. Crucial to a skill being completed successfully • i.e. basketball jump shot (follow through with hand in “cookie jar” • it slows body parts down and is therefore important in preventing injuries that can occur when abruptly stopping.

  8. Classification of Skills

  9. Possible classification systems: team vs. dual vs. individual; summer vs. winter, etc. • A more comprehensive classification of motor skills: • According to the effects of environment on learning and executing skills

  10. Closed Skills • performed under constant, relatively unchanging conditions • the movement form itself is often the goal of the skill • e.g., gymnastics routines

  11. Teaching Strategies for Closed Skills • Goal: stereotyped movements that consistently produce the desired response • Strategy: learning environment structured so that the desired response will occur • Repeating the selected movement pattern consistently without allowing external influences to affect the performance • e.g., noise

  12. Open Skills • Environments are continually changing and require performers to adjust and respond to the environment around them • Responses cannot be made effectively far in advance • Demand the capacity to adapt, anticipate, and be flexible in responses

  13. Teaching Strategies for Open Skills • The learning environment should closely approximate the environment in which the skill will take place • Learners should exercise variability and adaptability and different scenarios that approximate real environment • Learners may be wise to identify patterns in the environment that provide information about the movement of objects and players

  14. Open-Closed Continuum Open skills Closed skills

  15. Learning Progression For Open Skills Along the Open-Closed Continuum • Start learning with making the skill more closed (e.g., one pitch speed) • Once a certain level of proficiency has been achieved, make the skill more open (e.g., live pitch) • i.e., remove a component of uncertainty of the skill in order to simplify its overall execution

  16. Enhancing Your Learning Potential • Clear understanding of: • Anatomical structures in limiting human movements • Biomechanical principles affecting movement • How the body moves most efficiently • Where our energy comes from • How to maintain healthy, injury-free body • etc.

More Related