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Workshop on Integrating Financial Services in Poverty Reduction Strategies

Workshop on Integrating Financial Services in Poverty Reduction Strategies. 28 November 2006 Ouagadougou Burkina Faso. Themes to date. Role of Central Banks in the Provision of Rural Finance Agricultural Development Banks: The Way Forward Role of Commercial Banks in Rural Finance

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Workshop on Integrating Financial Services in Poverty Reduction Strategies

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  1. Workshop on Integrating Financial Services in Poverty Reduction Strategies 28 November 2006Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Afraca Technical Workshop - Ouagadougou

  2. Themes to date • Role of Central Banks in the Provision of Rural Finance • Agricultural Development Banks: The Way Forward • Role of Commercial Banks in Rural Finance • Provision of Agricultural Finance, with Emphasis on Smallholder Farmers • Integrating Financial Services into Poverty Reduction Strategies

  3. Objectives of regional workshops • Share country experiences • Explore challenges impeding use of financial services in poverty reduction approaches • Outline recommendations on the way forward for financial service provision as part of poverty reduction strategies • Prepare action plans

  4. Structure of report 1 • Environment • Poverty reduction strategies • Financial service strategies • Integration and country level strategies • Recommendations • Country and policy level • Sector level • Organization and client level • For AFRACA • Guidelines 2 3 4 5 6

  5. Environment (1) • Les étapes • Décennies 80 et 90 : • Programmes d’ajustement structurel… • Recherche des équilibres fondamentaux et comptables pour assurer la croissance… • Fronde sociale sur les effets sociaux de l’ajustement • Recherche développement à « visage humain » • En 1995 : • Déclaration de Copenhague • Engagement de la communauté internationale pour un développement social. 2 3 5 6 1 4

  6. Environment (2) • En 1999: • G8 (Cologne) appuie le principe d’allègement de la dette et le relie à la réduction de la pauvreté. • Septembre 1999 • Initiative PPTE renforcée (BM, IMF) en lien avec la réduction de la pauvreté, • Par la suite • Plusieurs pays africains ont produit des DSRP • Référence au Cadre de Développement Intégré (CDI) de la Banque Mondiale 2 3 5 6 1 4

  7. Environment (3) • Les DSRP • Approche holistique de développement • Promotion de politiques plus équilibrées : intégration dimensions sociales, structurelles, humaines, environnementales, macro-économiques. • Nouveaux paradigmes : • transparence, • participation • bonne gouvernance • nécessité de résultats dans réduction de la pauvreté. 2 3 5 6 1 4

  8. Environment (4) • Axes d’articulation des DSRP: • assainir le cadre macro économique, • promouvoir la croissance dans l’équité, • offrir des services sociaux de base aux pauvres (éducation, santé, eau), • créer et diversifier les opportunités de croissance des revenus, • améliorer la gouvernance économique, politique, administrative. 2 3 5 6 1 4

  9. Environment (5) • Macroeconomic stability in Africa can still improve • GDP Growth 3.4% and 10% in South and 0.6% to 7.5% elsewhere • GDP per capita US$200 to US$4562 in South and US$300 to US$520 elsewhere • Inflation is largely under control between 3% and 10% • Poverty eradication strategies cannot succeed in an unstable macroeconomic regime with high interest rates and high inflation • Poverty levels are in general still quite high in Africa • HIV/AIDS pandemic has negative repercussions • Countries are reviewing legal frameworks - focus on deposit taking institutions and microfinance • Strong political will and commitment to promote rural finance services • Central Banks in all the countries have realised importance of supervising and regulating microfinance and rural finance providers for better results in poverty reduction 2 3 5 6 1 4

  10. Cadre Institutionnel et Reglementaire des IMF (6) • Le cadre institutionnel des services financiers • L’offre des services financiers est réglementée par des textes communautaires et nationaux • Les textes communautairesDans la zone UEMOA, les activités des IMF des 8 pays membres sont régies par la loi dite "PARMEC" (« Projet d’Appui à la Réglementation des Mutuelles d’Épargne et de Crédit »), adopté le 17 décembre 1993, et ses décrets et instructions d’application. • La BCEAO a produit 08 instructions relatives aux normes d’établissements des états financiers et de détermination des ratios prudentiels applicables aux SFD 2 3 5 6 1 4

  11. Cadre Institutionnel et Reglementaire des IMF (7) • Les textes nationaux • Le cadre législatif communautaire est adopté par les instances nationales compétentes : Parlements et Ministères des finances: • Les lois communautaires sont traduites en lois nationales par les Assemblées Nationales, • De même que celles concernant la définition et la répression de l’usure. • Concernant les IMF non mutualistes ou coopératives des conventions-cadres sont définies avec les Ministères en chargé des finances. • L’ensemble des textes sont en cours de révision sur la base des expériences acquises 2 3 5 6 1 4

  12. Poverty reality • From 1981 the number of Africans living in poverty doubled from 164 million to 314 million • > 40% of the population live below the poverty line • High in rural areas and amongst clientele AFRACA members • Many poverty reduction strategy papers and programmes launched, most also linked to the Millennium Development Goals 2015 goals • Most countries has some level and emphasis on developing their poverty reduction strategies through various initiatives with many programmes in place and being implemented • These programmes focus on the strengthening of macroeconomic environment in the communities where the vulnerable groups exist and touch on many of the aspects mentioned in this section • Poverty reduction strategies on the continent are therefore embodied in a wide range of programmes 3 5 6 1 2 4

  13. Poverty reduction strategies (1) • Good governance : Emphasis on creating an enabling environment that focused on restoring peace, ensuring national security, and good governance to create a conducive environment for economic growth thus Government should take a leading role in poverty reduction strategies • Post conflict strategies : Several countries in Africa are emerging from conflict situations. Workshop participants concentrated on the provision of socio economic services in post conflict situations and assistance to fellow African countries emerging from crises through continuous collaboration. These are seen as an essential area of poverty alleviation but within the specific context of post-conflict situations 3 5 6 1 2 4

  14. Poverty reduction strategies (2) • Financial services • Some country strategies included microfinance - poverty nexus • Provision of viable and sustainable microfinance services to low-income households • Emphasis on agriculture and the rural sector • Some structured institutions that offer wholesale loans to microfinance institutions. • Need for integration of financial services for poor people into the financial markets of countries • Most countries are developing financial products targeting low income people • Reflects the inclusion of access to financial products strategies within poverty reduction strategies 3 5 6 1 2 4

  15. L’offre de crédit ciblée dans les DSRP (3) • des montants de crédit jugés faibles, • des institutions financières éloignées, • des coûts élevés de transactions, • des crédits de moyen et long terme peu développés, • un accès plus difficile par des groupes vulnérables que sont les femmes et les jeunes. 3 5 6 1 2 4

  16. Les actions ciblées dans les DSRP (4) • augmenter l’offre des services financiers, en particulier le crédit, et contribuer à stimuler la croissance; • renforcer la supervision bancaire pour améliorer le respect des règles prudentielles et les performances des IMF; • élargir les services d’assurance en faveur notamment du secteur agricole; • développer la micro finance en faveur des activités génératrices de revenus des femmes; • améliorer le cadre juridique et réglementaire des institutions de micro-crédits. 3 5 6 1 2 4

  17. Poverty reduction strategies (5) • Human Resource Development • Key element of the strategy for reducing vulnerability to poverty • Some governments and donors provide social services to support Community Organisations, NGOs etc with specific project targets. • Economic reconstruction • Some emphasis on economic reconstruction programmes for macro economic stability and eventual poverty alleviation • Macroeconomic stability is a condition for sustained poverty alleviation • Strategies to achieve a balanced economy and a middle income country status by a set target period • Gender • Special programmes for women as the vulnerable section of the population that are mainly affected by poverty • Land reform issues • Land reform issues are addressed in many countries towards giving access to land to low income people for food security and poverty alleviation 3 5 6 1 2 4

  18. Portée Démarrage Expansion Consolidation Intégration Étapes du développement du secteur (1) 5 6 1 2 3 4

  19. Financial Services Strategies (2) • Several aspects were raised under the heading, common features of the financial sectors in Africa: • Most banks concentrated in urban areas • Large, foreign banks rarely target the poor • Opening and minimum balance are relatively high • Still limited outreach • General absence of development banks/long term financing • Indirect and direct approach 5 6 1 2 3 4

  20. Financial Services Strategies (3) • Donors should pool resources and work integrated • Commercial banks • Limited presence • Linkages important • Spread wide between deposit and lending rates • Technology and information • Client Information important • Need effective databases on clients • Mobile Phone Technology and opportunities 5 6 1 2 3 4

  21. Financial Services Strategies (4) • Insurance • New innovations e.g. index based systems • Micro insurance and health insurance • Design of financial products and delivery systems • Incentives that tie up with the entire farm production process • Addressing collateral constraints e.g. warehouse receipts • Work through other institutions • Lack of infrastructure (roads, communications, IT) • Agricultural finance and targets to specific farmer groups 5 6 1 2 3 4

  22. Integration strategies • Essence of this workshop • Need concrete, not vague outcomes • Need guidelines and examples for country level strategies • Workshop findings focused on: • Government efforts • Specific linking instruments • Additional from Bamako workshop 5 6 1 2 3 4

  23. Government efforts (1) • Provide direction to encourage financial service providers • Could include overall country microfinance policy? • Liaises with Central Bank who should play nurturing role to promote apex self-regulating institutions and follows balanced approach wrt stability and innovation • Assist that donor support is channelled to capacity building / provision of infrastructure • Facilitates continuous stakeholder consultations to ensure common understanding of the operations of microfinance and the rural finance sector • Be aligned with donor funding and vice versa to ensure that priorities are attended to • Ensure coordination between ministries and parastatals • Towards coordination of policy reduction programmes and other initiatives 5 6 1 2 3 4

  24. Government efforts (2) • Towards enabling environment, including the development of infrastructure (roads, communication, and information technology) to facilitate financial transactions • To consider HIV/AIDS pandemic and polices and strategies should consider the impact of the pandemic on microfinance institutions and clients • On the basis of strong political commitment towards financial sector policy that addresses poverty will brings good results • emphasises the link between political will, commitment and sensible approaches to improve access to financial services for the poor, leading to the empowerment of the poor for success in development 5 6 1 2 3 4

  25. Specific linking instruments (1) • Credit guarantee schemes • Promotion of community banks • Promotion of cooperative bans • Development of relevant/innovative targeted financial products • Establishment of linkages between financial service providers • Linkages with non bank financial institutions e.g. insurance companies • Partnership with development partners 5 6 1 2 3 4

  26. Specific linking instruments (2) • Community initiatives • Creation of credit rating bureaus • Institutional development through capacity building and best practice • Development of commercial courts to facilitate credit recovery • Explore ways of using the stock market/capital markets as a way of raising funds hence minimizing donor dependence • Using the high liquidity in commercial banks to finance activities by establishing linkages between self help groups, small banks 5 6 1 2 3 4

  27. Bamako: Effets et problematiques de la microfinance dans la réduction de la pauvreté (1) • Effets réducteurs de pauvreté • Les crédits apparaissent les produits financiers les plus directs et les plus demandés capables d’atténuer la pauvreté. • Le crédit aux pauvres pose le problème du ciblage des pauvres par des indicateurs appropriés. • Deux effets à suivre : • Efficience i.e. la part de la dépense globale qui arrive aux ménages pauvres. • Effectivité i.e. le % d’augmentation du niveau de vie du ménage bénéficiaire, dépend du montant du crédit, de la rentabilité de l’activité, de l’étendue géographique, de l’intensité 5 6 1 2 3 4

  28. Bamako: Effets et problematiques de la microfinance dans la réduction de la pauvreté (2) • Effets directs et effets indirects. • Effets directs : • issus de l’accès direct des pauvres aux services de crédit, épargne, assurance, et aux transferts. • Effets indirects  : • création d’emplois à la suite de facilitation accès aux services financiers par les pouvoirs publics • actions (publiques et privées) visant l’atténuation des diverses causes de pauvreté. 5 6 1 2 3 4

  29. Bamako: Effets et problematiques de la microfinance dans la réduction de la pauvreté (3) • Indicateurs de ciblage des pauvres (détermination du % des pauvres touchés): • Indicateurs de revenus (enquête sur le revenu des ménages) • Indicateurs visuels de pauvreté • Indice de participation à la richesse • Indice de propriété (terre, habitat) 5 6 1 2 3 4

  30. Bamako: Effets et problematiques de la microfinance dans la réduction de la pauvreté (4) • Outils mesurant la capacité institutionnelle des IMF à atteindre les pauvres • Le PAT (Poverty Assessment Tool) développé par IFPRI au compte du CGAP en un exemple. Il se base sur un indice ou score composite de pauvreté multidimensionnelle. • Lorsque les clients d’une IMF sont proportion-nellement plus nombreux dans la classe à bas score (les plus pauvres), l’intervention de cette IMF est considérée comme ciblant mieux les pauvres. 5 6 1 2 3 4

  31. Bamako: Effets et problematiques de la microfinance dans la réduction de la pauvreté (5) • Problématiques théoriques • Choix du cadre d’analyse de l’efficacité des IMF sur la pauvreté : théorie de l’économie sociale ou théorie standard de maximisation du profit ? • Les théories de la nouvelle économie institutionnelle (« coûts de transactions », « droits de propriétés », « marchés incomplets », « approche socio-économique »), apportent des réponses différentiées à la question de l’efficacité des IMF. • La recherche de la maximisation du profit par l’IMF peut exclure le pauvre du crédit ou lui donner un crédit plus cher. • Problématiques méthodologiques • Choix de la variable d’impact : - attribution des effets à des causes, - fongibilité du crédit (opportunisme des emprunteurs, aléa moral) : détournement d’objet. • Il est toutefois admis que les IMF ont un impact positif sur au moins une dimension du bien-être des pauvres. 5 6 1 2 3 4

  32. Bamako: Effets et problematiques de la microfinance dans la réduction de la pauvreté (6) • Résultats d’évaluation UEMOA: • Connaissance encore limitée de l’étendue et surtout de l’effectivité des services de micro-crédits • Monographies pays et synthèse sous régionale élaborées chaque année par la BCEAO donnent un taux de pénétration (pas d’indication du statut de pauvreté des ménages bénéficiaires des IMF, ni à quel quintile ils se situent). • L’assurance pour les pauvres est toujours rare • L’accroissement du nombre d’IMF montre une importante demande des services d’épargne et de transfert d’argent par les pauvres 5 6 1 2 3 4

  33. Recommendations • Echo many of earlier points • At different levels and responsibilities • Policy level • Sector level • Organisation and climate level • AFRACA responsibilities 6 1 2 3 4 5

  34. Policy level (1) • Build human and institutional capacity • Sensitise decision makers with respect to policies that address poverty reduction strategies in line with best practice. • Donor dependence threatens sustainability • Operationalise poverty reduction strategy papers • Central banks in the region should accommodate emerging of institutions that offer microfinance services • Incentives such as tax reduction should be given to financial institutions to extend their outreach to the rural communities. • Government act as a facilitator in poverty alleviation programmes • Governments to create a stable macroeconomic environment • Poverty eradication strategies cannot succeed in an environment of poor governance and unstable macroeconomic regime with high interest rates and high inflation 6 1 2 3 4 5

  35. Policy level (2) • Étendre les services d’épargne, de crédits et de micro-crédits dans le but d’orienter/corriger les actions futures : • élargir leur couverture géographique • approfondir la connaissance de l’étendue et de l’intensité des effets du crédit. • Supprimer la TVA sur le refinancement bancaire des IMF • Multiplier études de cas pour documenter et approfondir l’analyse des liens entre services financiers et déterminants et causes de la pauvreté • Harmoniser les textes nationaux et de la banque centrale (loi PARMEC) avec les textes de l’OHADA • Améliorer les capacités des cellules nationales de suivi et de contrôle des institutions financières, • Promouvoir une meilleure participation des professionnels des finances et des institutions financières dans le processus d’élaboration ou de révision des DSRP 6 1 2 3 4 5

  36. Sector level • Address lack of sectoral integration e.g. physical and financial infrastructure • Limited awareness of evidence to demonstrate commercial viability of rural finance ventures • Promotion of best practice through information sharing by all stakeholders • Lack of training institutions offering rural finance courses • Capacity building should be done by financial institutions and development partners • The promotion of financial services should be focused on all activities (farm and non-farm) of the low income segment of the population 6 1 2 3 4 5

  37. Organisation or client level • Diversification of financial products to meet the varied needs of the clientele, for example, micro insurance and health insurance, funds transfers etc. • Commercial banks encouraged to participate through the promotion of linkage banking with grassroots financial institutions • Deliberate effort to monitor NGOs to ensure that funds channelled through them reach the target population • In designing financial products efforts should be made to build in incentives that tie up with the entire farm production process • Integrating issues of agricultural production and marketing in financing – “value chain financing” • Financial services should be offered to the community to produce value added products (agriculture, crafts, social tourism etc.) in an effort to reduce poverty 6 1 2 3 4 5

  38. AFRACA responsibilities (1) • Continue advocacy and lobbying for provision of financial services emphasising small holder producers • Assist countries emerging from crises with continued collaboration with other member countries. • Be a rallying point for empirical evidence on efforts of individual African countries toward attaining the Millennium Development Goals and measuring the impact of microfinance in reduction of poverty • Training on exchange programs of AFRACA will be emphasized for capacity building of the staff of the member institutions • Promote information and database system to enable the member institutions to better serve their clientele. • Encourage member institutions to do self-assessment regularly to ensure that they meet the needs of their clients. 6 1 2 3 4 5

  39. AFRACA responsibilities (2) • Commission studies focusing on rural financing • Take into consideration the important role of SACCOs in order to expand sharing of information • Look at regulatory issues impeding agricultural growth and lobby governments to review them • Create opportunities for institutions to learn from each other • Create a data base of the existing capacity building providers in rural and microfinance in Africa • Play the catalytic role of sensitizing different financial institutions and stakeholders on information services targeting low income clientele. 6 1 2 3 4 5

  40. Rappel des principes IMF et lutte contre la pauvreté (1) • La microfinance est un instrument puissant de lutte contre la pauvreté • Les pauvres ont besoin de toute une gamme de services financiers et non pas seulement de prêts • Le micro-crédit n’est pas toujours la solution • Il est nécessaire d’assurer la viabilité financière des institutions pour pouvoir couvrir un grand nombre de pauvres • Le renforcement des capacités institutionnelles et humaines est un facteur clé pour le développement du secteur 1 2 3 4 5 6

  41. Rappel des principes IMF et lutte contre la pauvreté (2) • La microfinance implique la mise en place d’institutions permanentes locales proches des populations • Les pouvoirs publics doivent faciliter la prestation de services financiers, mais non les fournir directement ; • Les financements des bailleurs doivent compléter les capitaux du secteur privé mais ne doivent pas les remplacer ; • Un reporting adéquat est requis pour maîtriser la croissance et apprécier les risques et avantages des opérations. • Le cadre réglementaire doit concourir á la réduction de la pauvreté et faciliter la mise en oeuvre 1 2 3 4 5 6

  42. Thank you, we welcome questions and discussion Pierre Claver Damiba and Gerhard Koch Coetzee Afraca Technical Workshop - Ouagadougou

  43. Group Discussion on Integrating Financial Services in Poverty Reduction Strategies 28 November 2006Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Afraca Technical Workshop - Ouagadougou

  44. Workshop • Objectives – to use the combined experience and skills to get to more concrete and realistic action plans for follow-up • Outcome – action plan for each area (policy, sector, firm level and AFRACA) focusing on most important issues and how to achieve • Format – group and plenary work sessions • Plan – one hour discussion in groups, one hour report back.

  45. Workshops – group discussions • Confirm group membership by “trading” • Choose chairman and rapporteur • Look at the area of responsibility • First confirm or reject items • Indicate the three most important actions • Indicate who should be responsible for each • Indicate first step for each - what • Indicate how long should it take for each • Report back on points and who, what, when

  46. Report Back Sheet

  47. Area 1 - Policy level (1) • Build human and institutional capacity • Sensitise decision makers with respect to policies that address poverty reduction strategies in line with best practice. • Donor dependence threatens sustainability • Operationalise poverty reduction strategy papers • Central banks in the region should accommodate emerging of institutions that offer microfinance services • Incentives such as tax reduction should be given to financial institutions to extend their outreach to the rural communities. • Government act as a facilitator in poverty alleviation programmes • Governments to create a stable macroeconomic environment • Poverty eradication strategies cannot succeed in an environment of poor governance and unstable macroeconomic regime with high interest rates and high inflation

  48. Area 1 - Policy level (2) • Étendre les services d’épargne, de crédits et de micro-crédits dans le but d’orienter/corriger les actions futures : • élargir leur couverture géographique • approfondir la connaissance de l’étendue et de l’intensité des effets du crédit. • Supprimer la TVA sur le refinancement bancaire des IMF • Multiplier études de cas pour documenter et approfondir l’analyse des liens entre services financiers et déterminants et causes de la pauvreté • Harmoniser les textes nationaux et de la banque centrale (loi PARMEC) avec les textes de l’OHADA • Améliorer les capacités des cellules nationales de suivi et de contrôle des institutions financières, • Promouvoir une meilleure participation des professionnels des finances et des institutions financières dans le processus d’élaboration ou de révision des DSRP

  49. Area 2 - Sector level • Address lack of sectoral integration e.g. physical and financial infrastructure • Limited awareness of evidence to demonstrate commercial viability of rural finance ventures • Promotion of best practice through information sharing by all stakeholders • Lack of training institutions offering rural finance courses • Capacity building should be done by financial institutions and development partners • The promotion of financial services should be focused on all activities (farm and non-farm) of the low income segment of the population

  50. Area 3 – Organisation/client level • Diversification of financial products to meet the varied needs of the clientele, for example, micro insurance and health insurance, funds transfers etc. • Commercial banks encouraged to participate through the promotion of linkage banking with grassroots financial institutions • Deliberate effort to monitor NGOs to ensure that funds channelled through them reach the target population • In designing financial products efforts should be made to build in incentives that tie up with the entire farm production process • Integrating issues of agricultural production and marketing in financing – “value chain financing” • Financial services should be offered to the community to produce value added products (agriculture, crafts, social tourism etc.) in an effort to reduce poverty

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