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APPLICATIONS OF METEOSAT SECOND GENERATION (MSG)

APPLICATIONS OF METEOSAT SECOND GENERATION (MSG). FOG DETECTION Author: Jochen Kerkmann (EUMETSAT) (kerkmann@eumetsat.de) Contributors: H. J. Lutz (EUMETSAT), P. Pylkkö (FMI), HP. Roesli (MeteoSwiss), D. Rosenfeld (HUJ). Day-time Fog over Southern Germany 24 February 2003. MSG-1

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APPLICATIONS OF METEOSAT SECOND GENERATION (MSG)

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  1. APPLICATIONS OF METEOSAT SECOND GENERATION (MSG) FOG DETECTION Author: Jochen Kerkmann (EUMETSAT) (kerkmann@eumetsat.de) Contributors: H. J. Lutz (EUMETSAT), P. Pylkkö (FMI), HP. Roesli (MeteoSwiss), D. Rosenfeld (HUJ)

  2. Day-time Fog over Southern Germany 24 February 2003

  3. MSG-1 24 Feb 2003 11:00 UTC Channel 09 (IR10.8) 1 2 2 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= snow 3 = snow-free ground 3 1 1 1 1 3 IR10.8 channel not very useful for fog detection

  4. MSG-1 24 Feb 2003 11:00 UTC Channel 04 (IR3.9) 1 2 2 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= snow 3 = snow-free ground 3 1 1 1 1 3 Detection of fog during day-time much better with IR3.9 channel

  5. MSG-1 24 Feb 2003 11:00 UTC Channel 04r (IR3.9r) 1 2 2 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= snow 3 = snow-free ground 3 1 1 1 1 3 Detection of fog during day-time also good with solar component of IR3.9

  6. MSG-1 24 Feb 2003 11:00 UTC Difference IR3.9 - IR10.8 1 2 2 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= snow 3 = snow-free ground 3 1 1 1 1 3 … or with the brightness temperature difference IR3.9 - IR10.8

  7. Detection of fog over snow surfaces with SEVIRI NIR 1.6 channel 24 Feb 2003, 11:00 UTC High reflectance (water clouds) Lower reflectance (ice clouds) Low reflectance (snow, sea) 1 2 1 3 1 2 1 3 1

  8. Animation 1/5 Detection of fog over snow surfaces with SEVIRI NIR 1.6 channel 2 1 2 1 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= snow 3= thin mid-level cloud with water droplets (supercooled cloud) 4= lakes 2 3 4 MSG-1 24 Feb 2003 11:00 UTC Channel 03 (NIR1.6)

  9. Animation 2/5 Detection of fog over snow surfaces with SEVIRI NIR 1.6 channel 2 1 2 1 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= snow 3= thin mid-level cloud with water droplets (supercooled cloud) 4= lakes 2 3 4 MSG-1 24 Feb 2003 11:15 UTC Channel 03 (NIR1.6)

  10. Animation 3/5 Detection of fog over snow surfaces with SEVIRI NIR 1.6 channel 2 1 2 1 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= snow 3= thin mid-level cloud with water droplets (supercooled cloud) 4= lakes 2 3 4 MSG-1 24 Feb 2003 11:30 UTC Channel 03 (NIR1.6)

  11. Animation 4/5 Detection of fog over snow surfaces with SEVIRI NIR 1.6 channel 2 1 2 1 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= snow 3= thin mid-level cloud with water droplets (supercooled cloud) 4= lakes 2 3 4 MSG-1 24 Feb 2003 11:45 UTC Channel 03 (NIR1.6)

  12. Animation 5/5 Detection of fog over snow surfaces with SEVIRI NIR 1.6 channel 2 1 2 1 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= snow 3= thin mid-level cloud with water droplets (supercooled cloud) 4= lakes 2 3 4 MSG-1 24 Feb 2003 12:00 UTC Channel 03 (NIR1.6)

  13. MSG-1, 24 Feb 2004, 11:00 UTC, VIS0.8 … close-up viewover the Alps Non-detection of fog over snow surfaces with SEVIRI VIS0.6 amd VIS0.8 channels

  14. MSG-1, 24 Feb 2004, 11:00 UTC, HRV … close-up viewover the Alps Non-detection of fog over snow surfaces with SEVIRI HRV channel

  15. 1 MSG-1 24 Feb 2003 11:00 UTC RGB Composite R = NIR1.6 G = VIS0.8 B = VIS0.6 1 2 2 1 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= snow 3= thin mid-level cloud with water droplets (supercooled cloud) 2 1 1 3 Recommended RGBs for Monitoring of Day-time Fog

  16. 1 MSG-1 24 Feb 2003 11:00 UTC RGB Composite R = VIS0.8 G = IR3.9r B = IR10.8 1 2 2 1 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= snow 3= thin mid-level cloud with water droplets (supercooled cloud) 2 1 1 3 Recommended RGBs for Monitoring of Day-time Fog

  17. 1 MSG-1 24 Feb 2003 11:00 UTC RGB Composite R = VIS0.8 G = NIR1.6 B = IR3.9r 1 2 2 1 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= snow 3= thin mid-level cloud with water droplets (supercooled cloud) 2 1 1 3 Recommended RGBs for Monitoring of Day-time Fog

  18. MSG-1 24 Feb 2003 11:45 UTC RGB Composite R = NIR1.6 G = HRV B = HRV 1 2 1 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= snow 3= thin mid-level cloud with water droplets (supercooled cloud) 2 3 Recommended RGBsfor Monitoring ofDay-time Fog

  19. Night-time Fog over France 14 July 2003

  20. Detection of fog at night (and day) with IR3.9 - IR10.8 brightness temp. diff. Animation 1/4 2 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= clear ground 3= high-level clouds 1 3 MSG-1 14 July 2003 03:00 UTC Difference Image IR3.9 - IR10.8

  21. Detection of fog at night (and day) with IR3.9 - IR10.8 brightness temp. diff. Animation 2/4 2 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= clear ground 3= high-level clouds 1 3 MSG-1 14 July 2003 04:00 UTC Difference Image IR3.9 - IR10.8

  22. Detection of fog at night (and day) with IR3.9 - IR10.8 brightness temp. diff. Animation 3/4 Detection of fog difficult at dawn/dusk ! 2 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= clear ground 3= high-level clouds 1 3 MSG-1 14 July 2003 05:00 UTC Difference Image IR3.9 - IR10.8

  23. Detection of fog at night (and day) with IR3.9 - IR10.8 brightness temp. diff. Animation 4/4 2 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= clear ground 3= high-level clouds 1 3 MSG-1 14 July 2003 06:00 UTC Difference Image IR3.9 - IR10.8

  24. MSG-1, 14 July 2003 Difference IR3.9 - IR10.8, 2:00 UTC HRVIS for comparison, 08:45 UTC

  25. Night-time Fog over S. Africa 24 April 2003

  26. 3 IR10.8 channel not useful for fog detection during night-time 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= clear ground 3 = thin mid-level clouds 4 = thick high-level clouds 1 2 MSG-1 24 April 2003 02:00 UTC Channel 09 (IR10.8) 4

  27. 3 IR8.7 channel also not useful for fog detection during night-time 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= clear ground 3 = thin mid-level clouds 4 = thick high-level clouds 1 2 MSG-1 24 April 2003 02:00 UTC Channel 07 (IR8.7) 4

  28. 3 IR3.9 channel also not useful for fog detection during night-time 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= clear ground 3 = thin mid-level clouds 4 = thick high-level clouds 1 2 MSG-1 24 April 2003 02:00 UTC Channel 04 (IR3.9) 4

  29. Fog at night visible inIR3.9 - IR10.8 brightness temperature difference images 3 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= clear ground 3 = thin mid-level clouds 4 = thick high-level clouds 1 2 MSG-1 24 April 2003 02:00 UTC Difference Image IR3.9 - IR10.8 4

  30. Fog at night less visible in IR8.7 - IR10.8 brightness temperature difference images 3 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= clear ground 3 = thin mid-level clouds 4 = thick high-level clouds 1 2 MSG-1 24 April 2003 02:00 UTC Difference Image IR8.7 - IR10.8 4

  31. Fog at night not visible in IR12.0 - IR10.8 brightness temperature difference images 3 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= clear ground 3 = thin mid-level clouds 4 = thick high-level clouds 1 2 MSG-1 24 April 2003 02:00 UTC Difference Image IR12.0 - IR10.8 4

  32. MSG-1 24 April 2003 02:00 UTC RGB Composite R = IR12.0 - IR10.8 G = IR10.8 - IR3.9 B = IR10.8 3 1 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= clear ground 3 = thin mid-level clouds 4 = thick high-level clouds 2 Recommended RGBfor Monitoring ofNight-time Fog 4

  33. Night-time Fog over Central Europe 25 October 2003

  34. IR10.8 channel not useful for fog detection during night-time 3 1 1 2 2 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= clear ground 3 = thin Cirrus clouds 3 MSG-1 25 October 2003 02:00 UTC Channel 09 (IR10.8)

  35. IR8.7 channel also not useful for fog detection during night-time 3 1 1 2 2 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= clear ground 3 = thin Cirrus clouds 3 MSG-1 25 October 2003 02:00 UTC Channel 07 (IR8.7)

  36. IR3.9 channel a bit better for fog detection during night-time, but ... 3 1 1 2 2 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= clear ground 3 = thin Cirrus clouds 3 MSG-1 25 October 2003 02:00 UTC Channel 04 (IR3.9)

  37. … fog at nightvery well visible inIR3.9-IR10.8 temperature difference images 3 1 1 2 Fog: -8/-10 K (black) Ground: -4/-5 K (grey) 2 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= clear ground 3 = thin Cirrus clouds 3 MSG-1 25 October 2003 02:00 UTC Difference Image IR3.9 - IR10.8

  38. … fog at nightalso well visible inIR8.7-IR10.8 temperature difference images 3 1 1 2 Fog: -4 K (dark grey) Ground: -2 K (light grey) 2 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= clear ground 3 = thin Cirrus clouds 3 MSG-1 25 October 2003 02:00 UTC Difference Image IR8.7 - IR10.8

  39. … fog at nightnot visible inIR12.0-IR10.8 temperature difference images 3 1 1 2 2 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= clear ground 3 = thin Cirrus clouds 3 MSG-1 25 October 2003 02:00 UTC Difference Image IR12.0 - IR10.8

  40. 3 MSG-1 25 Oct 2003 02:00 UTC RGB Composite R = IR12.0-IR10.8 G = IR10.8-IR3.9 B = IR10.8 1 1 2 2 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= clear ground 3 = thin Cirrus clouds 3 Recommended RGB for Monitoring of Night-time Fog

  41. Night-time Fog over Southern Finland 29 October 2003

  42. Fog at nightnot visible inIR10.8 images 1 2 1 3 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= clear ground 3 = high-level frontal clouds 3 1 MSG-1 29 October 2003 02:00 UTC Channel 09 (IR10.8) 2

  43. Fog at nightnot visible inIR8.7 images 1 2 1 3 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= clear ground 3 = high-level frontal clouds 3 1 MSG-1 29 October 2003 02:00 UTC Channel 07 (IR8.7) 2

  44. Fog at nighthardly visible inIR3.9 images 1 2 1 3 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= clear ground 3 = high-level frontal clouds 3 1 MSG-1 29 October 2003 02:00 UTC Channel 04 (IR3.9) 2

  45. Night-time fog is not well visible inIR3.9-IR10.8 temperature difference images over Scandinavia 1 2 1 3 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= clear ground 3 = high-level frontal clouds 3 1 MSG-1 29 October 2003 02:00 UTC Difference Image IR3.9 - IR10.8 2

  46. The IR8.7-IR10.8 temperature difference images give better results for fog detection at high latitudes 1 2 1 3 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= clear ground 3 = high-level frontal clouds 3 1 MSG-1 29 October 2003 02:00 UTC Difference Image IR8.7 - IR10.8 2

  47. MSG-1 29 Oct 2003 02:00 UTC RGB Composite R = IR12.0-IR10.8 G = IR10.8-IR8.7 B = IR10.8 1 2 1 3 3 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= clear ground 3 = high-level frontal clouds 1 2 Recommended RGB for Monitoring of Night-time Fog at high Latitudes

  48. Night-time Fog over Central Europe 5 November 2003

  49. 3 3 Fog at nightnot visible inIR windowchannels 2 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= clear ground 3 = high-level clouds 1 1 3 MSG-1 5 November 2003 03:00 UTC Channel 04 (IR3.9) 1 2

  50. 3 3 Fog at nightnot visible inIR windowchannels 2 1= low-level fog or stratus 2= clear ground 3 = high-level clouds 1 1 3 MSG-1 5 November 2003 03:00 UTC Channel 07 (IR8.7) 1 2

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