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Chapter 1:. How did the following scientists contribute to microbiology: Leewenhoek , Janssen, Hooke , Redi , Spallanzani , Virchow, Tyndall, Koch, and Pasteur. What are some products made with the help of microbes?
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Chapter 1: • How did the following scientists contribute to microbiology: Leewenhoek, Janssen, Hooke, Redi, Spallanzani, Virchow, Tyndall,Koch, and Pasteur. • What are some products made with the help of microbes? • What is the nomenclature followed to name bacteria? Be sure to know an example and be able to write it correctly. • What is the average size of bacteria?
What organisms are found within the category of microbiology? What characteristics make them unique? • Fill out details of chart on next slide for review. • Completed chart found at the end of ppt if you just want to study it. • What types of organisms are found in the domain Eukarya, Bacteria, and Archaea? • What is the basis for the classification of organisms into these three domains? • How are the organisms in the Bacteria domain similar to the organisms in the Archaea domain? How are they different?
Chapter 3: • Describe the principle of simple staining. • What can you determine about an organism from a simple stain? • Be able to draw and label different morphologies including shapes and groupings • What is a differential stain? Give an example of a differential stain. • Describe the four steps of the Gram stain and the purpose of each step. • What physical characteristic does it differentiate? • What color are Gram + and Gram - cells?
Know the structures of Gram-positive and Gram-negative cell walls. • Understand the different ways to transport material across a cytoplasmic membrane. • Understand the different ways bacteria move material across a membrane such as facilitated diffusion and active transport mechanisms (transport systems that use proton motive force, transport systems that use ATP, and efflux pumps). • What are the functions of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane?
Chapter 6: • Define metabolism and describe the difference between anabolism and catabolism. • Define enzymes and their characteristics. • Understand the factors that influence enzyme activity: temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and inhibitors. • Understand competitive and noncompetitive inhibition.
Understand the following terms and processes: glycolysis, fermentation, Tricarboxylic Acid cycle, anaerobic and aerobic respiration, oxidation/reduction reactions, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, and substrate level phosphorylation. • For the major pathways discussed, understand what is the starting material, what is made in the process, and what is the final product. • What is the difference between aerobic respiration and fermentation? How do they differ in the amount of energy (ATP) produced? What is the final electron acceptor in each pathway?
Chapter 4: • Understand what is meant by generation time, and binary fission. Do all organisms have the same generation time? • Try to diagram the concept • What is the definition of a pure culture? What are some techniques used to determine if a sample is pure? • Explain how physical conditions such as temperature, pH, and oxygen can influence bacterial growth. • Know the groupings that fit under these
What are the basic chemical requirements for bacterial growth? • What is the difference between chemically defined media and complex media? • What are selective media? What are differential media? Know some examples of each. • Be able to recognize a bacterial growth curve and identify the phases of growth. • Which growth phase is best used for experimentation and why?