Chapter 6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds

1. Chapter 6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds 6.6 Organic Compounds Learning Goal Identify the properties characteristic of organic and inorganic compounds.

2. Organic Compounds Organic compounds • always contain carbon and hydrogen, and sometimes oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, or a halogen • occur in nature and are also found in fuel, shampoos, cosmetics, perfumes, and foods • are the foundation for understanding biochemistry

3. Organic Compounds, Properties Formulas for organic compounds are written with carbon first, followed by hydrogen and then other elements. Organic compounds • have low melting and boiling points • are not soluble in water and are less densethan water • undergo combustion, burning vigorously in air

4. Organic, Inorganic Compounds

5. Organic, Inorganic Compounds Propane, C3H8, is an organic compound, whereas sodium chloride, NaCl, is an inorganic compound.

6. Bonding in Organic Compounds Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen. In the electron-dot formulas for hydrocarbons, each shared pair of electrons represents a single covalent bond. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single carbon-carbon bonds. Expanded structural formulas are drawn to show the bonds between all the atoms.

7. The Tetrahedral Structure of Carbon In methane, CH4, the covalent bonds from carbon to hydrogen are directed toward the corners of a tetrahedron. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional representations of methane, CH4: (a) electron-dot formula, (b) expanded structural formula, and(c) ball-and-stick model.

8. The Tetrahedral Structure of Carbon In ethane, C2H6, two carbon atoms are connected, and each carbon is bonded to three hydrogen atoms. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional representations of ethane, C2H6: (a) electron-dot formula, (b) expanded structural formula, and(c) ball-and-stick model.

9. Learning Check Identify each of the following characteristics as most typical of organic or inorganic compounds. A. has a high melting point B. is soluble in water C. has the formula, CH3─CH2─CH3 D. burns easily in air E. has ionic bonds

10. Solution Identify each of the following characteristics as most typical of organic or inorganic compounds. A. has a high melting point inorganic B. is insoluble in water organic C. has the formula, CH3─CH2─CH3 organic D. burns easily in air organic E. has ionic bonds inorganic