How to Use these Slides

2. How to Use these Slides • These are intended for use for the opening session of a pre-departure orientation activity for global health experiences • A full facilitator guide for this and the other components of the Pre-departure Activities Curricular Kit is available at sugarprep.org/pack • Brief presenter notes are also embedded with each slide • Look for instructions for modification before presentation DELETE THIS SLIDE like this

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5. TEAM BASED LEARNING Team Based Learning

7. Question 1 There are a number of terms individuals use to refer to areas where groups may target global health efforts. Which of the following is the most appropriate term? A) Third world country B) Developing country C) Resource-limited setting D) Poor country

8. Answer C) Resource-limited setting This term does not confine the definition to political borders and it allows for flexibility in interpretation of what is meant by both resources and limited

9. Answer

10. Question 2 Part of working in global health is interacting with other cultures. There are many terms that address aspects of these interactions, including culture shock, reverse culture shock, cultural humility, and cultural competence. Please match the following terms with their correction definitions: • Culture shock • Reverse culture shock • Cultural humility • Cultural competence

11. Answer • Culture shock • Reverse culture shock • Cultural humility • Cultural competence D) The feeling of anxiety and uncertainty that comes with entering a new culture. This may manifest as a five-stage process, including the honeymoon phase, rejection, regression, acceptances/negotiation, and reverse culture shock. F) The psychological process and adjustment one goes through when re-entering their own culture. A) When encountering a new culture, the process of being open to learning and to new experiences, recognizing personal biases, having awareness of one’s verbal and non-verbal reactions and the effect of those reactions on others, and having understanding and acceptance that one can never master another culture. C) The ability to effectively communicate, interact, empathize, and integrate into another culture after achieving a mastery of that culture. This concept is now less favored, as one cannot truly master another culture.

12. Question 3 While the terms equality and equity may sound similar, there is a difference in their meaning. Which of the following best illustrates health equity versus equality?

13. Answer B) To promote equality, he openly advertises cholesterol screening to all patients. To promote equity, he charges for the lab based on a sliding scale, thus reducing the economic barrier to screening completion. The WHO defines equity as, “the absence of avoidable or remediable differences among groups of people, whether those groups are defined socially, economically, demographically, or geographically.” Reducing health inequities will over time help to reduce health inequalities.

14. Answer

15. Question 4 Match the following terms with their definitions: • Displaced person • Refugee • Immigrant • Asylum seeker • Stateless person • Internally displaced person • Vulnerable groups

16. Answer • Displaced person • Refugee • Immigrant B) People who have had to leave their homes due to natural, political, economic, technical, or deliberate events. G) Someone who has been forced to flee his or her country because of persecution, war, or violence, which may be for reasons of race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a social group. E) Someone who chooses to resettle in a foreign country.

17. Answer 4) Asylum seeker 5) Stateless person 6) Internally displaced person 7) Vulnerable groups F) Someone who has fled their own country and is now seeking sanctuary in another country. D) Someone who is not a citizen of any country. C) An individual who has been forced to flee their home, but who has not crossed an international boundary. A) Individuals who are unable to anticipate, cope with, resist, or recover from the impacts of disasters.

18. Question 5 You may hear different not-for-profit organizations, political initiatives, or even individuals discuss their global health efforts in relation to helping achieve a sustainable development goal. To what are they referring?

19. Answer D) A coordinated effort through the United Nations and multiple countries, which adopted goals to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all, and with the mission to achieve specific targets over the next 15 years.

20. Question 6 In many areas you might find that community health workers are pivotal players in healthcare. Which of the following best describes a community health worker?

21. Answer B) An umbrella term to encompass a wide variety of individuals who originate from the community in which they serve, who are trained to provide one or many aspects of healthcare, and who may promote social change. These individuals have not completed advanced degrees in healthcare. Community health workers (CHWs) are pivotal players in healthcare delivery. Examples of care provided by CHWs include (but are not limited to): home visits, TB or HIV/AIDS care, treatment of acute infections, communicable disease control, nutrition counseling, and surveillance data collection/record keeping.

22. Question 7 Tyler recently returned from working in an ED in Botswana. He had anticipated that he would predominantly care for patients affected by tuberculosis, malaria, and HIV. However, he was surprised to learn that road traffic accidents were a major cause of injury and death and often saw these patients in the ED. The death rate due to road safety is 23.6 per 100,000, and Tyler laments that this issue contributes highly to Botswana’s overall burden of disease. What does he mean by “burden of disease”?

23. Answer B) The impact of a health issue or problem on a community, often measured by disability adjusted life years, quality adjusted life years, morbidity, mortality, or economic cost. Burden of disease describes the impact of any healthcare condition, including acute, chronic, communicable and non-communicable diseases and conditions. The WHO started the Global Health Burden of Disease study in 1990, and this data can be used to target health initiatives.

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25. Question 8 Sonja is planning to travel to Guatemala in her third year of residency. She is excited to step out of the clinical realm and is partnering with a regional not-for-profit organization. This organization surveys various communities to collect data on health indicators. What exactly is a health indicator?

26. Answer A) A measurable piece of data obtained from a community that, when in conjunction with other health indicators, gives a sense of the overall health of that community. Data can be collected on a wide variety of topics. Topics include health status, risk factors, service coverage, and health systems. Examples of indicators include infant mortality rate, hospital bed density, condom use, births attended by skilled healthcare professional, salt intake, and more.

28. Question 9 Philippa has partnered with a tribal nation in her home state to promote health and well-being among pregnant women. Instead of working in the perinatal clinic, she instead decides to reach out to community groups to target social determinants of health. What are social determinants of health?

29. Answer D) Conditions in which people are born, live, grow, work, and age. They encompass aspects of an individual’s environment, socioeconomic status, political community, culture, etc. They are primarily responsible for health inequities. The overall environment, setting, and place greatly influence health and well-being. These go beyond a basic understanding of disease, and instead focus on how all other conditions of an individual’s environment affect their experience with that disease.

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31. Question 10 Identify the following Global Health related key players and acronyms: • CDC • WHO • MSF • NGO • NPO F) LIC, LMIC, UMIC, and HIC G) NCDs H) WTO I) SDG J) DALY

32. Answer • CDC • WHO • MSF • NGO • NPO Centers for Disease Control World Health Organization Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders) Non-Governmental Organization Not-for-Profit Organization

33. Answer F) LIC, LMIC, UMIC, and HIC G) NCDs H) WTO I) SDG J) DALY Low Income Country, Low Middle-Income Country, Upper-Middle Income Country, and High Income Country Non-Communicable Diseases World Trade Organization Sustainable Development Goals Disability Adjusted Life Years

36. Dear me, This global health experience will have been successful if. . . Date You Return P.S. Hope the diarrhea is better Your NameAddress

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