Vascular Seed Plants

1. Vascular Seed Plants • Characteristics • Vascular tissue • Provide support • carry water and other nutrients • Two Types • Phloem - transports food made in leaves • Xylem – transports water and minerals from roots • Use Pollen and Seeds to Reproduce • Pollen – tiny structures that become sperm cells (don’t need water) • Seeds – fertilized eggs that contain a young plant in a protective covering

2. Types of Seed Plants • Gymnosperms • Seed plants that produce “naked’ seeds – NO FRUIT • Have cones • Angiosperms • Seed plants that produce seeds that are enclosed in fruit (covered seeds) • Have flowers

3. Seeds to plants • Inside seeds are partially developed plants. If seeds land where conditions are good, the plant sprouts and the seed starts to grow. • Seed Dispersal • Other organisms • Fruit gets eaten by animals • Barbs and thistles stick to animal’s coat • Water • Oceans, lakes, rivers move seeds from one area to another • Wind • Lightweight seeds are carried to new locations • Tossing • Some plants eject their seeds in a forceful way to scatter them in many directions

4. Vascular Seed Plants Review • What are the 2 functions of vascular tissue? • What are the 2 types of vascular tissue? • What are the functions of the 2 types of vascular tissue? • What are the two characteristics of angiosperms? • What are the two characteristics of gymnosperms?

5. 1. Provide support carry water and other nutrients 2. Phloem, Xylem 3. Phloem - transports food made in leaves Xylem – transports water and minerals from roots 4. Seed plants that produce seeds that are enclosed in fruit (covered seeds) Have flowers 5. Seed plants that produce “naked’ seeds – NO FRUIT Have cones

6. Roots • anchor a plant in the ground • absorb nutrients and water from the soil • sometimes store food • Stems • The stem carries substances between the plant’s roots and leaves. • Provides support for the plant and holds up the leaves so they are exposed to the sun.

7. Roots & Stems Review: (On Heading 3)No Notes!! • List the three functions of roots. • List the 2 functions of stems.

8. Answers: • Anchor the plant into the ground. Absorb water and nutrients from the soil. Store food. • Transport materials between roots and leaves. Provide support for the leaves so they are exposed to the sun.

9. Leaves • Capture sunlight and perform photosynthesis • Structure • cuticle – top layer of leaf that prevents water loss • surface cells – contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis • lower leaf – contains veins which are made of phloem and xylem • stomata – tiny pores that allow in carbon dioxide and let out oxygen and water vapor • Photosynthesis 6H2O + 6CO2 + Energy  C6H12O6 + 6O2