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Is it Diabetes Yet?

Is it Diabetes Yet?. If there is not enough insulin activity, or the body does not use the insulin effectively…. the body's blood glucose rises. Insulin = a protein (hormone), secreted by islet cells (beta) found on the pancreas.

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Is it Diabetes Yet?

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  1. Is it Diabetes Yet? • If there is not enough insulin activity, or the body does not use the insulin effectively…. the body's blood glucose rises.

  2. Insulin = a protein (hormone), secreted by islet cells(beta) found on the pancreas

  3. Glucagon = a protein (hormone), secreted by islet cells (alpha) found on the pancreas

  4. Here it is ...

  5. Insulin = • Stimulates the uptake of glucose by body cells. • Glucose is then used immediately OR stored as glycogen

  6. Glucagon = • Stimulates the liver cells to convert glycogen into glucose.

  7. Glucose = a monosaccharide, used for energy • Too much causes damage to the body proteins. • Too little prevents body cells from working properly.

  8. Glucose = directly controls • Directly controls the insulin and glucagon secretions

  9. Glucose triggers production of insulin Insulin attaches to insulin receptor on cell opens

  10. w/o insulin, glucose can’t bind

  11. When blood glucose lowers…maybe you haven’t eaten lunch When blood glucose rises… maybe you have just eaten breakfast Pancreas secretes insulin Pancreas secretes glucagon Glucagon produced in pancreas Insulin produced in pancreas, and sent through blood stream Promotes the breakdown of glycogen & the release of glucose & liver and muscle cells stimulated by insulin to uptake glucose

  12. DIABETES2 types:

  13. DIABETES is a leading cause of premature death- results in: cardiovascular diseases, blindness, nerve damage, kidney diseases

  14. TYPE I • In Type 1 diabetes for some unknown reason, (genetic predisposition / virus) the Islets of Langerhans are destroyed by the body's own immune system, altering their ability to produce insulin

  15. TYPE II • In Type 2 diabetes, insulin is produced normally, but the tissues and cells of the body are unable to use the insulin manufactured by the Islets of Langerhans. For some reason they have become resistant to the effects of their own insulin. Insulin continues to be made, but the cells are unable to recognize it and use it effectively

  16. Behind the feedback loop: Animal takes in more calories than it needs to produce ATP If animal isn’t growing, or reproducing - will store the surplus E. in liver & muscle cells as glycogen = polymer of glucose units If glycogen stores are full, & caloric intake still exceeds caloric expenditure, the excess is stored as fat When fewer calories are taken in than are expended…fuel is taken out of the storage depots… liver glycogen -> muscle glycogen -> fat.

  17. Glucose builds up in the blood, overflows into the urine, and passes out of the body in the urine. Thus, the body loses its main source of fuel even though the blood contains large amounts of glucose.

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