Ron Sega Woodward Professor of Systems Engineering (CSU)

1. Ron Sega Woodward Professor of Systems Engineering (CSU) Vice President for Energy, Environment and Applied Research (CSURF) Energy and Environment Update 1

2. Overview • Background • Director of Defense Research and Engineering (DDR&E) • Under Secretary of the Air Force • University Initiatives • Energy, Environment and Applied Research • Education -- Systems Engineering 2

3. Director of Defense Research and Engineering Department of Defense Three areas of Increased Emphasis National Aerospace Initiative Surveillance and Knowledge Systems Energy and Power Technologies Technical Systems Reviews Technology Readiness Assessments Task Force Support to Systems Development Workforce Initiative DUSD (Laboratories and Basic Sciences) National Defense Education Program (NDEP) 3

4. Under Secretary of the Air Force Space Department of Defense Executive Agent for Space Back to Basics in Acquisition and the Block Approach Systems Engineering Workforce Research and Development Alignment with Needs and Redistribution of Risk Stability in Basic Research Energy “Make Energy a Consideration in All We Do” Energy Strategy (Supply and Demand – with Metrics) 4

5. POWER GENERATION • Fuel Cells & Fuel Reforming • Novel Power FUEL CELL Energy & Power Technologies - Enabling a More Electric Force More Electric Aircraft Electric Warship ENERGY STORAGE Space Based Radar Power Needs • Batteries • Capacitors High Power Microwave POWER CONTROL AND DISTRIBUTION FY02 FY12 • Switching & Conditioning • Power Transmission & Distribution • Thermal Management New Operational Capabilities Warrior Electric/Hybrid Weapons Hybrid/Electric Combat Vehicle 5

6. AF Energy StrategyAddressing Supply & Demand “Make Energy a Consideration in All We Do” Accelerate development and use of “Alternative” sources Synthetic Fuel for Aviation Renewable Energy for Installations Enhance energy efficiency -- aviation and infrastructure Promote a culture where Airmen conserve energy 6

7. Examples of Air Force Energy Initiatives in the United States Demonstrate H2 Production & Military Fuel Cell Vehicle Grand Forks AFB, ND Synthetic Fuels Research, Air Force Research Lab, WPAFB, OH Fuel Cell/Electric Warehouse Tractor Selfridge ANGB, MI 14MW Photovoltaic generation, Nellis AFB, NV B-52 SynFuel Flight Demo, Edwards AFB, CA Wind generation farm, FE Warren AFB, WY Low Speed Vehicles Shaw AFB, SC 122 KW Photovoltaic project, Luke AFB, AZ Waste energy and ice plant, Dyess AFB, TX Advanced Power Technology Office, Robins AFB, GA Air Force Energy Office, Tyndall AFB, FL Center of Excellence Demonstration Sites 7

8. DRAFT Air Force Energy StrategyOversight Structure Senior Focus Group Chair: SAF/US Members: AF/CV, SAF/IE, SAF/AQ, SAF/FM, AF/A3/5, AF/A8, AF/A4/7 Executive Secretariat: SAF/IE Principal Advisors: AF/ST, AF/A9 Infrastructure Working Group Chair: SAF/IE Champions: AF/A4/7, AF/A8, SAF/FM Acquisition & Tech Working Group Chair: SAF/AQ Champions: AF/A4/7, DESC, AF/ST Aviation Operations Working Group Chair: AF/A3/5 Champions: AF/A8, SAF/AQ, SAF/FM Critical Infrastructure Program (CIP) Working Group Chair: AF/A4/7 Champions: AF/A7CX, AF/A3/5 Innovative Financing Working Group Chair: SAF/FM,Champions: AF/A8, SAF/AQ, AF/A4/7 Strategic Outreach Working Group Chair: SAF/CM, Champions: SAF/IE, MAJCOMs DRAFT

9. AF Energy Strategy Senior Focus Group Coordinated and developed various programs to improve supplyanddemand aspects of energy -- Established goals and metrics to manage progress. Improved efficiency in aviation and infrastructure operations and invested in more energy efficient future systems. Infrastructure: Energy Savings / Cost Avoidance – 100,000 homes Aviation: 9% reduction in flying hours, 7% reduction in jet fuel used Encouraged use of alternative sources of energy for infrastructure and aviation applications(AF uses approx. 2.5 billion gallons of fuel annually) Infrastructure: Was the nation’s largest single purchaser of renewable energy in FY05 (approx. one million megawatt-hours in FY05 and FY06) Aviation: Supported synthetic fuel activities (currently exploring biofuel) --First B-52 test fight of a 50/50 blend of synthetic fuel and JP-8 in September 2006 – certified in August 2007 9

10. Organizational Awards Received by the Air Force (2005-2007) Green Power Partner of the Year Award -- Department of Energy (DOE) / Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Climate Protection Award -- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Stratospheric Ozone Protection Award -- United Nations Environmental Programme and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Presidential Award for Leadership in Federal Energy Management -- To U.S. Air Force Energy Strategy Senior Focus Group 10

11. CSU Leadership in Energy and the Environment • Consistent with CSU’s Mission as a Land Grant Institution • Recent infrastructure updates improved efficiency • Leadership in our Community, Region, and Nation • Areas of Energy and Environmental Focus:- Knowledge - Education - Innovation - Supply - Demand - Management Always Consider Energy, Environment and the Community 11

12. Energy and the Environment -CSU’s Leadership Strategy Coordination VPR / VPOSP / Environment and Sustainability Committee Advisor for Energy and the Environment - Sega Supply Commercial / Research Gorell Education Academic / ExtensionPrograms Frank Innovation Research / Products Farland Demand Activities / Units / Facilities Lincoln Management Processes / Real Estate / Ownership Henry CoD Extension CESC CCEC Cen-ergy Facilities Utilities VPR CoD S.A. Land ForProfit Knowledge– Audit / Sensors / Models Outreach– Culture Change / Public Affairs Always Consider Energy, Environment and the CommunitySupply, Demand, Culture 12

13. Colorado Renewable Energy Collaboratory • A research collaboration of: • National Renewable Energy Laboratory • Colorado School of Mines • Colorado State University • University of Colorado at Boulder • The Collaboratory works with public and private partners to: • Create and commercialize renewable energy technologies • Build a clean, sustainable renewable energy economy for Colorado, the region, the nation and the world • Educate future scientists and engineers and train the renewable energy workforce. CSU Initiative to Lead “Energy Efficiency and Management” 13

14. Colorado as an Energy Microcosm of the U.S. • Colorado has significant energy resources and has several energy initiatives under way • Application of a Systems Approach to Energy and the Environment • Work in progress on a systems-oriented approach complementing current activities – supporting a sustainable energy economy. • Education • Storage • Transmission • Efficiency • Security 14

15. Education Address the need for a 21st century energy workforce and increase the awareness of our students and the general public. 15

16. Storage Some power sources (i.e. wind and solar) are intermittent by nature but electricity must remain stable. • Energy Storage… • Responds to fluctuations in energy demand • Enables constancy by buffering power generation variations • Increases efficiency by capturing and deploying otherwise wasted energy Reference: J. Levine, G. Martin, R. Moutoux. “Large Scale Electrical Energy Storage in Colorado”. CERI Research Report. June 30, 2007 16

17. Transmission There is a need to update transmission and distribution architecture and capacity in energy systems to accommodate the addition of new and diverse power sources. • High-voltage transmission capacity is fully utilized during periods of high demand • Minimal new transmission capacity has been added in the last decade • New transmission capacity is not increasing at the same rate as energy demand • Distribution enhancements are needed to absorb renewable power 17

18. Efficiency ESTES will utilize a systems approach to optimize networks of existing and potentially new resources (supply and demand) to enhance efficiency through active management of energy systems. • Integrated Energy Systems Models • Policy • Monitoring and Metering • Routing, Switching and Conditioning • Buildings, Equipment and Vehicles • Stewardship of Energy and Environmental Resources 18

19. Security • Private and government organizations will work together to ensure the security and reliability of the future energy infrastructure. • Robustness and Reliability • Security of Supply • Cybersecurity Modeling and simulation support needed to solve critical energy infrastructure security challenges 19

20. ESTES Proposal • ESTES is a systems-oriented approach to a newsustainable energy economy in Colorado. • Education – Utilizes unique capabilities of the Collaboratory • Storage – Maximizes usefulness of intermittent power sources • Transmission – Delivers available power reliably to the end user • Efficiency – Addresses opportunities for Energy Demand • Security – Ensures reliability of energy infrastructure ESTES represents a state model for national energy policy 20

21. Proposed Center for Energy Efficiency and Management • Institutional Capabilities • Tracks / Topics • Team Members 21

22. “FortZED” – Zero Energy District • “Research, Development and Demonstration of a Coordinated and Integrated System of 3.5 MW of Mixed Distributed Resources in Fort Collins, Colorado, to Achieve a 20-30% Peak Load Reduction of Multiple Distribution Feeders” – DoE funded proposal ($6.5M + $5M) • Modernize and transform the electrical distribution system • Improved efficiency and reliability • Demonstration includes aggregation of distributed energy resources (DER) from approximately 5 participant locations. Total network ~40MW. • Supported by the Northern Colorado Clean Energy Cluster • Expected to last through April 2010. 22

23. FortZED Team • City of Fort Collins Utility • Spirae • Woodward • Advanced Energy • Eaton • The Brendle Group • End-Use Customers Providing 3.5 MW Mix of DER - City of Fort Collins Operations Services Department - Larimer County Facilities Department - CSU Facilities Services - New Belgium Brewing - InteGrid Laboratory 23

24. CSURF Energy and Environment Interactions CSUV- Cenergy Systems Solution Group Technology Transfer “Seed” Fund Real Estate Add Energy and Environment Fields to Data Base For Profit Corporation Energy and the Environment Office? Coordinating Function for CSURF? For Profit Corporation? 24

25. Colorado Data Resources for Climate Monitoring and Research

26. CSU’s CoAgMet • Colorado Agricultural Meteorological Network (CoAgMet) providing ag-specific weather information to support agricultural production and research    Near Kersey, Colo

27. What Does CoAgMet Measure? • Temperature & Humidity • Wind Speed & Direction • Solar Energy • Precipitation • Soil Temperatures • Hourly averages, daily totals and extremes, etc.

28. Coagmet map COLORADO

29. Forest and Range Monitoring • Remote Automated Weather Stations (RAWS)  Colorado RAWS stations

30. NWS/FAA Airport Weather Stations • Source for detailed hour-by-hour weather conditions serving aviation Denver International Airport ASOS, Photo courtesy of the National Weather Service

31. CoCoRaHS  • Community Collaborative Rain, Hail and Snow (CoCoRaHS) network • CSU lead national “citizen science” effort • By 2009, CoCoRaHS will have more than 10,000 active observers • largest source of daily precipitation data in the country

32. CoCoRaHS Precipitation, July 1, 2008

33. CoCoRaHS Precipitation, July 2, 2008

34. CoCoRaHS Precipitation, July 3, 2008

35. CoCoRaHS Precipitation, July 4, 2008

36. CoCoRaHS Precipitation, July 5, 2008

37. Summary CSU is doing many good things Needed: Comprehensive Energy and Environment Strategy Systematic approach with guiding principles Organization – Working Groups Audit Detailed implementation plan Presentation to the Board of Governors in August? Others? 37

38. Energy and the Environment - For Profit Corporation Considerations Tax Credit Environment for Renewable Energy Activities CSU Interests Alternative Sources of Energy Supply Wind (e.g. Maxwell Ranch) Solar (e.g. 2MW Power Purchase Agreement) Education Research GHG / “Carbon” Credits, Markets, etc. Supporting Real Estate for Value Assessment and Potential “Development” Purchase and Operate Wind Turbines on CSU Land? Informing and Enhancing Trade Space 38

39. Innovation • Research • Clean Energy Supercluster • Collaboratory • Products • Cenergy • Example: Algae-Derived Jet Fuel • Integrated Model for Wind Power • CSURF For-Profit Entity? 39

40. Supply • Diversification of Sources • Today’s supply: Coal and Natural Gas • Future additions: Solar, Wind, Biomass, etc. • Options for Ownership • Example: Maxwell Ranch Wind Turbines • CSURF For-Profit Subsidiary to Purchase 2-3 Towers? • Flexibility for Research • External Contributions / Investments • Create Carbon Credits for CSU and/or to Sell RECs • Tax Credits 40

41. Management • Support Investment Strategy • Establish For-Profit Subsidiary in CSURF • Establish Energy and the Environment Offices • CSU • CSURF • Co-locate in same room 41

42. Current Activities • NREL Renewable Energy Communities: designing new communities using a renewable energy systems approach—with sustainable planning, net zero-energy homes, advanced vehicles, and innovative utility interconnections—to decrease energy use, emissions and climate change impacts • DOE Solar America City, Denver: a select group of U.S. cities working to accelerate the adoption of solar energy technologies for a cleaner, more secure energy future • Xcel SmartGridCity, Boulder: utilizing a next-generation electrical grid to createthe first fully integrated "smart" city in the nation • FortZED: Fort Collins Zero Energy District • Others 42

43. Defense Science Board Report • Defense Science Board Task Force on DoD EnergyStrategy (Jan 8, 2008 Report) • Dr. James Schlesinger, Co-Chairman General Michael P.C. Carns, USAF (Ret.), Co-Chairman • Task Force Recommendations: • Accelerate efforts to implement energy efficiency • Reduce the risk to critical missions • Establish a strategic plan that establishes measurable goals…and establishes clear responsibility and accountability • Invest in energy efficient and alternative energy technologies to a level commensurate with their operational and financial value • Identify and exploit near-term opportunities to reduce energy use through policies and incentives that change operational procedures 43

44. Proposed Next Step Colorado’s current energy initiatives are necessary, but not sufficient. ESTES is a systems-oriented approach designed to complete Colorado’s plan for a sustainable energy economy. • Education • Storage • Transmission • Efficiency • Security 44

45. 2MW Solar Project

46. Summary of Environment and Sustainability Committee Capabilities on Campus Meeting

47. Facilities’ Funding Allocation for Energy Projects