COMENIUS Multilateral School Partnerships

1. COMENIUSMultilateral School Partnerships ECO IDEAS ECO CITIZENS 3rd– 8th November 2012, Opatow, Poland

2. Air Pollution

3. The future starts today If we want to have a future, we have to think about it. The future is in our global family with our common home and environment – the Earth.

4. Essence The air pollution is the introduction of newunusual chemical mechanical or biological substances for air as well as the change in their average annual concentration. These substances cause harm to living organisms or environmental damage. Air pollution has an important role; also it provides a strong influenceon economics after the industrial revolution.

5. Reasons The rapid increase of the world population, the scientific and technical progress and arms entirely change the situation on the planet last 100 years. In the near past, human activities also had a negative effect, but not so high, how it is now. Anthropogenic effect on the biosphere has intensified recently.

6. Main pollutants in Bulgaria • Dust • Sulphur compounds (SO2, H2S , S ) • Nitrogen compounds (NO2, NH3) • Carbon compounds (C, СО, СО2,СН4) • Aerosols (Pb) • Freon • Halon • Phenols

7. Main pollutants in Pazardzhik Carbon oxides -CO,CO2 Dust Particles Lead aerosols Sulphur dioxide - SO2 Nitrogen oxides - NO2,Nox Heavy metals - arsenic, cadmium, mercury

8. Average monthly, seasonaland average annual concentrationsof dust particles for 2007-2010 in Pazardzhik. summer winter average annual

9. Dust A main source of dust is emissions from burning solid fuel in thermal power stations, households and industry. The real situation is getting worse by the air detention in heightdue to the closed nature of certain fields.

10. Sulphur compounds SO2, H2S • Sulphur dioxide pollution (SO2) associated with the burning of low quality coal, and non-ferrous metallurgy. • Sources of hydrogen sulfide are oil refining industry, cellulose and paper industry and factories, producing fibers.

12. Nitrogen Compounds • Reactions of nitrogen with oxygenleading to the formation of nitrogen oxidesin nature, occur under the influence of electrical discharges (lightning). • Sources of ammonia are mineralization of humus in soil, decomposition of nitrogen containing substances in tailings and coal burning.

13. Lead Aerosols Lead aerosols are formed in production of lead, in his secondary extraction from old batteries and other waste, in painting with paints containing lead and others. The main source of lead aerosols are primarily gasoline engines.

14. Freons These gases have a low boiling point and are used in refrigeration as solvents in aerosol dispensers in deodorants and chemicals. Today, they are replaced by other substances. Chlorine atoms act as a catalyst in the dissociation of ozone to oxygen.

15. Main Sources of Air Pollution 1. Natural sources 2. Anthropogenic sources

16. Main Sources of Air Pollution Natural sources * Volcanoes * Sandstorms * Forest fires * Products of organic origin * Carbon-containing fuels Anthropogenic sources * Chemical Industry * Motor transport * Energetics * Metallurgy * Wood heating burning * Farming * Nicotineand others.

17. Natural sources

18. Volcanic eruptions sulfur (S); sulfur dioxide (SO2); sulfide(H2S) are given off

19. Sandstorms Dust Particles (DP) are given off

20. Carbon dioxide (CO2) Soot Ash are given off Forest Fires

21. Products of plant and animal origin

22. carbon-bearing fuels : Coal; Petrol; Biomass.

23. Gaseous Fuels Earth and petroleum gases

24. Anthropogenic sources

25. Factories and industrial plants

26. Motor Vehicles Cars; Motorcycles; Planes; Ships and others.

27. Electrical Power Station Thermal Power Station

28. Nicotine

29. Chemical and biological nuclear weapons

30. Organic waste that release methane

31. Problems Caused with Air Pollution * Greenhouse effect * Ozone Layer Depletion * Acid rain * Climate changes * Healthy problems

32. Greenhouse effect Carbon dioxide and other gases emissions causing the so-called greenhouse effect. In this way the reflected solar radiation from the Earth (mostly infrared) can not dissipate into space, returns and warms the earth more

33. Ozone Layer Depletion • The ozone layer serves as a protective barrier to living organisms from deadly ultraviolet rays not missing a significant part of them. • Sunlight breaks down high energy molecules of these substances. • Chlorine and fluorine atoms liberate and they destroy ozone molecules-О3.

34. Acid Rain It is caused of acid oxides, mostly sulfur dioxide, which converts into sulfuric acid when it falls in the air in the presence of moisture.

35. Smog Air Pollution in certain urban areas which is due to the large masses stagnant air

36. Healthy Problems • Respiratory problems • Cardiovascular diseases • Asthmatic and allergic problems • Developmental disorders of the nervous system • Cancer • Existence of slow growth and etc.

37. How to Protect the Air?

38. To replace solid fuels with liquid or gaseous fuels. • To use fuels with lower ash and sulfur content. • To close down obsolete and physically worn power capacities, because it is impossible they to become ecologically-friendly.

39. To change the structure of our energy equipment. • To start using renewable resources for energy sources which are untypical for our country. • To use central heating for houses as long as to introduce dust-collecting equipment for energy and industrial sources of dust. • To use hydrogen fuel. • To plant and look after flower alleys. • To protect forests and parks.

40. Let’s Take Care of the Environment Alll Together Here’s What We Do at Our SSchool • We are trying to change students’ attitude towards nature improving our ecological culture; • We collect dangerous waste as batteries in special containers situated in different places at our school;

41. What More We Do: We throw away waste separately in specific containers which are in front of our school; We use paper or cloth shopping bags because plastic ones have a very long period of degradation and during their burning they emit harmful substances;

42. References • Internet • Reference Book issued by Young Ecologist Club • Data supplied by RIOOSV-Pazardzhik • MOSV Information Centre • STATE OF THE WORLD-2010

43. Prepared by • SilviyaBoteva– 10th grade • Margarita Todanova– 10th grade • Manager: Elena Gamizova Teacher of Chemistry and Environmental Protection This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This presentation reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

44. Thank you for your attention!