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African American History Since the Civil War. dr. Liz Bryant. The black power movement…. Black Power Movement vs. the Civil Rights Movement. Was not afraid to use violence, or the threat of violence, to achieve their goals Did not feel the need to assimilate into white society
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African American History Since the Civil War dr. Liz Bryant
Black Power Movement vs. the Civil Rights Movement • Was not afraid to use violence, or the threat of violence, to achieve their goals • Did not feel the need to assimilate into white society • Believed blacks needed to be in charge of black communities • Goal: equality between the races • Goal: Integration • Method: non-violent resistance
Why Did the Black Power Movement Emerge??? • Frustration at the slow progress of the Civil Rights Movement
Why Did the Black Power Movement Emerge??? • Mounting frustrations after the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
W.E.B. Du Bois • Changes his mentality
Du Bois and His Changing Ideas towards Race in America • Worked with the NAACP for integration and equality • Supported the Pan-African Movement • Began to support the idea of black nationalism in America
Du Bois and His Changing Ideas towards Race in America • During World War II, Du Bois decided he would spend the rest of his life fighting imperialism • Believed white oppressors were trying to take over any non-white peoples (blacks, Asians, etc.)
Du Bois and His Changing Ideas towards Race in America • 1943- Du Bois rejoins the NAACP • Becomes Director of Special Research
Du Bois and His Changing Ideas towards Race in America • Du Bois attends the United Nations organizational meeting as one of 3 delegates from the NAACP • Wants: • End to colonialism • Endorsement of racial equality
Du Bois and His Changing Ideas towards Race in America • Throughout the 1950s, Du Bois petitions the UN multiple times concerning the discrimination against African Americans
Du Bois and the NAACP • 1948- Du Bois and the NAACP end their relationship (again) • Du Bois- supports aspects of communism • Makes the NAACP a target • They do not want to become a liability because of him
Du Bois • Becomes more radicalized following his departure from the NAACP • Council on African Affairs • Supports a Marxist economic philosophy • Makes him a target of investigation by the US government
Du Bois • 1951- Indicted under the Foreign Agents Registration Act • Case ultimately dismissed • Du Bois denied a passport by the US government until 1958
Du Bois • Moves to Ghana • Renounces US citizenship • Dies there in 1963
Malcolm X • Born Malcolm Little • Father- preacher; killed by white supremacists • Mother- committed to an institution
Malcolm X • Moves to Boston to lives with his sister • Gets into a life of crime • Jailed
Nation of Islam • Founded 1930 • Chicago • Philosophy is influenced by Marcus Garvey and the UNIA • Wanted to uplift African-Americans
Beliefs of the Nation of Islam • Promoted black superiority • Believed whites were a genetic mutation • Referred to whites as “devils” • DID NOT want integration • Wanted intermarriage to be illegal
Nation of Islam • Very localized during the 1930s and 40s
Growth of the Nation of Islam • Blacks see white America’s reaction to the civil rights movement • Makes it easier to accept the belief that whites are “devils”
Nation of Islam vs. the Civil Rights Movement • Promoted the idea of “self-defense” • Membership was primarily in the North
Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam • Splits with the organization in 1964
Ultimate Goals of the Nation of Islam • It does a lot for the black community. • Promotes: • Education • Economic self-sufficiency • Outreach programs for prison inmates • Security for housing projects
Issues with the Nation of Islam • Racist ideology • Anti-Semitism