CHEM115 General Chemistry I

1. CHEM115 General Chemistry I Dr. Myton Class meets MTWR at 11:00 am

2. CHEM115 General Chemistry I David M. Myton, Ph.D. (Dr. Myton) • CRW327 dmyton@lssu.edu • Pronto: dmyton • Professor of Chemistry

3. Introductions • This class is not a direct competition • Introduce your self to your neighbor • Name • Hometown • Major • Class survey • Biology • Chemistry • Criminalistics • Engineering • Fisheries & Wildlife • Geology • Other

4. SYLLABUS • Blackboard – get there through Anchor Access • Pronto – IM with voice • Documents, including slide summaries • writing exercises • http://edugen.wiley.com – homework, textbook, video office hours, student solutions • Supplemental Instruction (SI) • Bring to class: active chapter of text, calculator, i-clicker, lecture notes

5. i-Clicker Unique student serial numbers Credit given for participation and accuracy Bring to EVERY class A 1 Yes True Strongly Agree B 2 No False Agree C 3 - - Neutral D 4 - - Disagree E 5 - - Strongly Disagree

6. Essential High School Science Content: Properties of Matter • C1.1B Evaluate the uncertainties or validity of scientific conclusions using an understanding of sources of measurement error, the challenges of controlling variables, accuracy of data analysis, logic of argument, logic of experimental design, and/or the dependence on underlying assumptions. • C2.2B Describe the various states of matter in terms of the motion and arrangement of the molecules (atoms)making up the substance. • C4.2A Name simple binary compounds using their formulae. • C4.2B Given the name, write the formula of simple binary compounds. • C4.3A Recognize that substances that are solid at room temperature have stronger attractive forces than liquids at room temperature, which have stronger attractive forces than gases at room temperature. • C4.3B Recognize that solids have a more ordered, regular arrangement of their particles than liquids and that liquids are more ordered than gases.

7. Essential High School Science Content: Properties of Matter • C4.8A Identify the location, relative mass, and charge for electrons, protons, and neutrons. • C4.8B Describe the atom as mostly empty space with an extremely small, dense nucleus consisting of the protons • and neutrons and an electron cloud surrounding the nucleus. • C4.8C Recognize that protons repel each other and that a strong force needs to be present to keep the nucleus • intact. • C4.8D Give the number of electrons and protons present if the fluoride ion has a -1 charge. • C4.9A Identify elements with similar chemical and physical properties using the periodic table. • C4.10A List the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for any given ion or isotope. • C4.10B Recognize that an element always contains the same number of protons.

8. Essential High School Science Content: Properties of Matter • C5.2A Balance simple chemical equations applying the conservation of matter. • C5.2B Distinguish between chemical and physical changes in terms of the properties of the reactants and products. • C5.2C Draw pictures to distinguish the relationships between atoms in physical and chemical changes. • C5.4A Compare the energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of aluminum and one gram of water • the same number of degrees. • C5.5A Predict if the bonding between two atoms of different elements will be primarily ionic or covalent. • C5.4B Predict the formula for binary compounds of main group elements.

9. Chemistry & Environmental Sciences Student Organization • 1st Meeting: Wednesday September 2 at NOON in Crawford Hall Upstairs Lobby (w/ pizza) • 1st Function: Camping at Muskellunge Lake Leaving Soo Saturday Sept 5 at NOON, returning Monday Sept 7 mid-day. Campsites and dinner provided by club

10. Chapter 1: Fundamental Concepts and Units of Measurement: Learning Objectives • Upon completion of the chapter, the student should: • Know how chemistry fits into the sciences and everyday life. • Understand the difference between chemical reactions and physical changes. • Understand the Law of Conservation of Energy. • Be able to convert between ºF, ºC and K. • Know the difference between precision and accuracy. • Have a basic understanding of significant figures. • Know the basic SI units. • Be able to convert between calories and joules. • Be able to determine the density, mass, or volume of a substance when given two of these three variables.

11. Cumulative • accumulative: increasing by successive addition; "the benefits are cumulative"; "the eventual accumulative effect of these substances" wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn • Incorporating all data up to the present en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cumulative

12. “Parfaits are delicious” - donkey

13. Juggling?

14. "Scientific knowledge is a body of statements of varying degrees of certainty -- some most unsure, some nearly sure, but none absolutely certain ... Now, we scientists are used to this, and we take it for granted that it is perfectly consistent to be unsure, that it is possible to live and not know." Richard Feynman (1918-1988) Nobel Prize in Physics, 1965

15. Chapter 1:Fundamental Concepts and Units of Measurement Brady & Senese 5th Ed

16. A Chemist’s View 01m11vd1.mov Macroscopic Symbolic 2 H2(g) + O2 (g)  2 H2O(g)‏ Particulate (Molecular)‏

17. Chemistry and the Sciences • Chemistry- the study of the composition of matter and its transformations • Matter- anything that takes up space and has mass • Chemical reaction- change that results from the interaction of matter. 1.1. Chemistry is important for anyone studying the sciences

18. Scientific Method : Getting Started 1.2. The scientific method helps us build models of nature

19. Scientific Method: Testing the Hypothesis 1.2. The scientific method helps us build models of nature

20. It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it. Aristotle (384 BC - 322 BC)‏

21. Question: Which statement is a hypothesis? a: Objects on Earth are attracted by gravity. b: When pushed off the table, my chemistry book will fall to the floor. c: Opposite charges repel each other. d: Mass can be converted into energy.

22. Scientific Method Case Study: The Process of Growth • A child sees that a seed, when planted in soil, watered, and exposed to sunlight, grows to form a flower. He concludes that all living things require sunlight, water, and burial in soil to grow. • Build a case for rebuttal using the scientific method. 1.2. The scientific method helps us build models of nature

23. Your Turn! Which of the following is not a hypothesis for the observed plant growth? • soil is necessary to all growth • light is essential to growth of the seed • water is required to allow growth • plants grow to a greater height if they receive fertilizer • none of the above 1.2. The scientific method helps us build models of nature

24. Your Turn! A chicken egg is buried, left in the sun, and watered. A second egg is left above the soil, watered and left in the sun. Would this prove that soil is necessary to growth? • Yes • No 1.2. The scientific method helps us build models of nature

25. The Scientific Method- Evaluating The Data A theory isanexplanation (based on well-tested, internally consistent experimental results) about why the phenomenon may occur • it should explain currently available data • It should be as simple as possible • It should clearly show underlying connections • It should accurately predict future behaviors 1.2. The scientific method helps us build models of nature

26. The Scientific Method is Cyclical 1.2. The scientific method helps us build models of nature

27. Question: Which describes a tested explanation of behavior of nature? a: a scientific law b: a theory c: a hypothesis d: empirical facts

28. Atomic Theory Helps Us Visualize Matter • Air inflates a balloon • air must be composed of matter • the matter is colliding with the walls of the container. • A leaf floats on water’s surface • water is composed of particles that occupy space • A leaf falls through air, but rests on water’s surface • particles are closer in liquid than in gases 1.2. The scientific method helps us build models of nature

29. Models Helps Us Visualize Matter 1.2. The scientific method helps us build models of nature

31. Changes in Matter • Chemical change- a process that results in the formation of a new substance • Evidence? Formation of a new solid, new liquid, new gas, temperature change, or an unexpected color change • Physical change- a process that results in no new substance, but that may change the state of those present, or the proportions 1.3. Matter is Composed of Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

32. Question: What properties change when a substance undergoes a chemical reaction? a: physical properties b: chemical properties c: both chemical and physical properties d: neither chemical nor physical properties

33. Learning Check: Chemical Or Physical Change? 1.3. Matter is Composed of Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

34. Your Turn! Which of the following is not a chemical change? • a match burns in air • ice melts in air • an aluminum door whitens in air • all of these • none of these 1.3. Matter is Composed of Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

35. Matter can be classified (figure 1.10 p12): (Molecule or Formula unit)‏ (Atom)‏

36. Elementsare substances that cannot be decomposed by chemical means into simpler substances • chemical symbol • Most are one or two letters • First letter is always capitalized • All remaining letters are lowercase • Names and chemical symbols of the elements are listed on the inside front cover of the book

37. Name Symbol Sodium Copper Cl Nitrogen K Elements • Learn the name, spelling and symbol for elements #1-30, Au, Ag, Hg, Pb, Br, I

38. Atomic naming 1.3. Matter is Composed of Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

39. What Is A Compound? • Compounds - formed from two or more atoms of different elements combined in a fixed proportion • Have different characteristics than the elements that compose them • Can be broken down into elements by some chemical changes 1.3. Matter is Composed of Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

40. A MOLECULEis the smallest unit of a compound that retains the chemical characteristics of the compound. MOLECULAR FORMULA C8H10N4O2 - caffeine H2O 01m06an1.mov

41. Mixtures • mixtures consist of varying amounts of two or more elements or compounds • Homogeneous mixtures or “solutions”- have the same properties throughout the sample • Brass, tap water • Heterogeneous mixtures-consist of two or more phases • Salad dressing, Coca-Cola ™ 1.3. Matter is Composed of Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

43. Learning Check: Classification 1.3. Matter is Composed of Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

44. Classification Of Matter By State Classification by state is based on packing, motion, and shape • Solids have fixed shape and volume • Liquids have fixed volume, but take the container shape • Gases have to expand to fill the shape and volume of the container

45. Properties Of Matter • Chemical properties describe the behavior of the matter that leads to the formation of a new substance: the "reactivity" of the substance • Physical properties can be observed about the matter alone, without changing the composition 1.4. Properties of matter can be classified in different ways

46. Learning Check: Chemical or Physical Property? 1.4. Properties of matter can be classified in different ways

47. Your Turn! Which of the following is a chemical property? • water is colorless • water reacts violently with solid Na metal • water dissolves table salt • all of these • none of these 1.4. Properties of matter can be classified in different ways

48. Question: Intensive properties are Independent of the quantity of material present Which is an extensive physical property? a: mass b: melting point c: reactivity with water d: temperature

49. Measurements are Observations • Qualitative observations are non-numerical-- ask “what” or “how” or “why” • Quantitative observations are numerical--ask “how much” and are also called measurements • This course is general chemistry with quantitative analysis 1.5 Measurements are essential to describe properties

50. Your turn! Which of the following is a quantitative observation? • the height of the plant • the mass of water added • the temperature of the day • all of the above • none of the above 1.5 Measurements are essential to describe properties