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Table of Contents

Table of Contents. The Body’s Transport System A Closer Look at Blood Vessels Blood and Lymph Cardiovascular Health. - The Body’s Transport System. The Cardiovascular System.

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Table of Contents

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  1. Table of Contents • The Body’s Transport System • A Closer Look at Blood Vessels • Blood and Lymph • Cardiovascular Health

  2. - The Body’s Transport System The Cardiovascular System • The cardiovascular system carries needed substances to cells and carries waste products away from cells. In addition, blood contains cells that fight disease.

  3. - The Body’s Transport System The Heart • The heart is a hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body. The right side of the heart is completely separated from the left side by a wall of tissue called the septum. Each side has an upper chamber, or atrium, and a lower chamber, or ventricle.

  4. - The Body’s Transport System Heart Activity • Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about the heart.

  5. - The Body’s Transport System The Heart • As blood flows out of the heart and toward the lungs, it passes through a valve like the one here.

  6. - The Body’s Transport System Two Loops • Blood circulates through the body in two loops, with the heart at the center. In the first loop, blood travels from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart. In the second loop, blood is pumped from the heart throughout the body and then returns to the heart.

  7. - The Body’s Transport System Sequencing • As you read, make a cycle diagram like the one below that shows the path that blood follows as it circulates throughout the body. Write each step of the pathway in a separate circle. Pathway of Blood Right side of heart Body Lungs Left side of heart

  8. End of Section:The Body’s Transport System

  9. - A Closer Look at Blood Vessels Blood Vessels • The walls of arteries and veins have three layers. The walls of capillaries are only one cell thick.

  10. - A Closer Look at Blood Vessels Calculating a Rate • A rate is the speed at which something happens. When you calculate a rate, you compare the number of events with the time period in which they occur. Here’s how to calculate the pulse rate of a person whose heart beats 142 times in two minutes. • 1. Write the comparison as a fraction: • 2. Divide the numerator and the denominator by 2: • The person’s pulse rate is 71 heartbeats per minute.

  11. Practice Problem Calculate your pulse rate if your heart beats 170 times in 2.5 minutes. 68 beats per minute - A Closer Look at Blood Vessels Calculating a Rate

  12. - A Closer Look at Blood Vessels Artery and Vein • In this photo, you can compare the wall of an artery with the wall of a vein.

  13. - A Closer Look at Blood Vessels Comparing and Contrasting • As you read, compare and contrast the three kinds of blood vessels by completing a table like the one below. Blood Vessel Function Structure of Wall Thick wall consisting of three cell layers with thick muscle in the middle layer Carries blood away from the heart Artery Exchange of materials between the blood and body cells Thin walls consisting of one cell layer Capillary Thick walls consisting of three cell layers with thin muscle in the middle layer Carries blood back to the heart Vein

  14. End of Section:A Closer Look at Blood Vessels

  15. - Blood and Lymph Blood • Blood consists of liquid plasma and three kinds of cells—red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

  16. - Blood and Lymph Blood Types • The marker molecules on your red blood cells determine your blood type and the type of blood that you can safely receive in transfusions.

  17. - Blood and Lymph Blood Type Distribution • The circle graph shows the percentage of each blood type found in the U.S. population.

  18. The percentage of each blood type found in the United States population Reading Graphs: What does each edge of the graph represent? - Blood and Lymph Blood Type Distribution

  19. AB (4%), B (11%), A (40%), O (45%) Interpreting Data: Rank the four major blood types—A, B, AB, and O—from least common to most common. What is the percentage of each type? - Blood and Lymph Blood Type Distribution

  20. 84%; 16% Calculating: According to the graph, what percentage of the population is Rh positive? What percentage is Rh negative? - Blood and Lymph Blood Type Distribution

  21. O negative or B negative blood; 9% Predicting: What type of blood can someone who is B negative (blood type B and Rh negative) receive? What percentage of the population does that represent? - Blood and Lymph Blood Type Distribution

  22. The data should be arranged in three columns and eight rows. Creating Data Tables: Use the data to make a table of the eight possible blood types. Include columns for the A, B, AB, and O blood types; Rh factor (positive or negative); and percentage of the population. - Blood and Lymph Blood Type Distribution

  23. - Blood and Lymph The Lymphatic System • The lymphatic system is a network of veinlike vessels that returns the fluid to the bloodstream.

  24. - Blood and Lymph Identifying Main Ideas • As you read the section titled “Blood,” write the main idea in a graphic organizer like the one below. Then write four supporting details that give examples of the main idea. Main Idea Blood is made up of four components. Detail Detail Detail Detail Plasma is the liquid part of blood. Red blood cells take up oxygen and deliver it to cells in the body. White blood cells fight disease. Platelets help form blood clots.

  25. - Blood and Lymph Blood • Click the Video button to watch a movie about blood.

  26. - Blood and Lymph Links on Blood • Click the SciLinks button for links on blood.

  27. End of Section:Blood and Lymph

  28. - Cardiovascular Health Asking Questions • Before you read, preview the red headings. In a graphic organizer like the one below, ask a what or how question for each heading. As you read, write answers to your questions. Cardiovascular Health Question Answer What are some cardiovascular diseases? Cardiovascular diseases include atherosclerosis and hypertension. How can a person keep healthy? Exercise regularly, eat a healthy diet, and avoid smoking.

  29. - Cardiovascular Health Links on Cardiovascular Problems • Click the SciLinks button for links on cardiovascular problems.

  30. End of Section:Cardiovascular Health

  31. Graphic Organizer Side of Heart Where Loop Starts Where Blood Flows to Where Blood Returns to Loop Right side Lungs Left atrium Loop One Left side Body Right atrium Loop Two

  32. End of Section:Graphic Organizer

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