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Results of the de-excitation code ABLA07

Results of the de-excitation code ABLA07. Aleksandra Kelić M. Valentina Ricciardi Karl-Heinz Schmidt. GSI Darmstadt, Germany. Layout. Improvements in ABLA07 Stages of a spallation reaction Influence of the 1 st stage on the results Comparison of ABRA, INCL4, ISABEL + ABLA07

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Results of the de-excitation code ABLA07

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  1. Results of the de-excitation code ABLA07 Aleksandra Kelić M. Valentina Ricciardi Karl-Heinz Schmidt GSI Darmstadt, Germany

  2. Layout • Improvements in ABLA07 • Stages of a spallation reaction • Influence of the 1st stage on the results • Comparison of ABRA, INCL4, ISABEL + ABLA07 • Conclusions

  3. Improvementsin ABLA07see proceedings of the “Joint ICTP-IAEA Advanced Workshop on Model Codes for Spallation Reactions„ held in Trieste, Italy, 4-8 January 2008

  4. ABLA07 New features(with moderate increase of computing time): • Multifragmentation • CN-decay channels γ, n, p, LCP, IMF, fission (continuous) • inverse x-sections from nuclear potential • treatment of angular momentum • fission transients from Fokker-Planck equation • barrier structure in low-energy fission • nuclide production in fission with 1 parameter set • from spontaneous fission to high E* for all CN • evaporation on fission path

  5. Production of helium Data: R. Michel et al., NIM B 103, C. M. Herbach et al., Proc SARE-5 meeting, 2000

  6. Production of 7Be

  7. Fission cross sections Low-energy fission  influence of double-humped structure in fission barriers of actinides and symmetry classes at saddle 235Np  exp data - Gavron et al., PRC13 ABLA07

  8. Multimodal fission around 226Th 220Th 223Th 226Th 229Th 232Th E*=60 MeV 20 MeV 10 MeV Black: experimental data (GSI experiment)Red: model calculations (N=82, Z=50, N=92 shells) Possible fissionning systems in spallation of 238U!

  9. Spallation 238U (1 A GeV) + 1H

  10. Multifragmentation Longitudinal cuts in velocity Multifragmentation:One central component due to expansion of an homogenous source. Binary decay:2 separated forward and backward components due to Coulomb repulsion. 136Xe + 1H1 A GeV PhD, P. Napolitani

  11. Stages of a spallation reaction

  12. Stages of a spallation reaction 1st stage • Primary collisions (≈10 fm/c = 3.3 10-23 s) • ► Distorted nuclear system • Thermalisation of nucleonic motion (≈100 fm/c) • ► Compound nucleus ABLA07 starts here • Expansion (a few 100 fm/c) • ► Thermal instabilities • Shape evolution (≈1000 fm/c) • ► Fission delay • De-excitation (up to ≈107 fm/c) • ► Final residue Primary collisions 2nd stage Final residues ABLA07 is 2nd part of ABRABLA07 (Abrasion-ablation code).

  13. Fingerprints of the de-excitation process The situation after the primary collision process can be expressed by the parameters of the compound nucleus. They define the starting point of the de-excitation process. The de-excitation process wipes out most of the properties of the heated thermalised system.Most of the characteristics of the final residues are fingerprints of the de-excitation process. INCL4 remnants Experimental data(P. Armbruster et al., PRL 93 (2004) 212701)

  14. Fingerprints of the de-excitation process 1 GeV p + 238U INCL4, ISABEL, ABRA + ABLA07 At first glance, nothing seems to change among the different 1st stage models, however ...

  15. Influence of the 1st stage of the reaction

  16. Parameters of the compound nucleus • Composition in A and Z • Starting point on the chart of the nuclides • Fluctuations in N/Z • Thermal excitation energy • Influence on emission rates • Reduced in de-excitation • Angular momentum • Influence on barriers (mostly fission) • Modified in de-excitation • Linear momentum • No influence on de-excitation • Signature of reaction channel • Volume (extended) • Response to heating - breakup

  17. Excitation energy Increase of beam energy leads to higher excitation energies after INC and to larger mass loss in evaporation. Experimental Data T. Enqvist et al., NPA 686, 481, NPA 703, 435B. Fernandez et al., NPA 747, 227L. Audouin et al., NPA 768, 1

  18. Angular momentum • - Influence on barriers (mostly fission) • - Modified in de-excitation INCL4 + ABLA07 1 GeV p + 208Pb

  19. Comparison of INCL4ISABELABRAfor1 GeV p + 56Fe,208Pb,238U

  20. 1 GeV p + 56Fe

  21. 1 GeV p + 56Fe ABRA INCL4 ISABEL

  22. 1 GeV p + 56Fe ABRA INCL4 ISABEL

  23. 1 GeV p + 56Fe ABRABLA07

  24. 1 GeV p + 56Fe INCL4+ABLA07

  25. 1 GeV p + 56Fe ISABEL+ABLA07

  26. 1 GeV p + 56Fe ratio exp/calc ABRA INCL4 ISABEL

  27. 1 GeV p + 208Pb

  28. 1 GeV p + 208Pb ABRA INCL4 ISABEL

  29. 1 GeV p + 208Pb INCL4 ABRA ISABEL

  30. 1 GeV p + 208Pb ABRABLA07

  31. 1 GeV p + 208Pb ABRABLA07

  32. 1 GeV p + 208Pb INCL4+ABLA07

  33. 1 GeV p + 208Pb INCL4+ABLA07

  34. 1 GeV p + 208Pb ISABEL+ABLA07

  35. 1 GeV p + 208Pb ISABEL+ABLA07

  36. 1 GeV p + 208Pb ratio exp/calc INCL4 ABRA ISABEL

  37. 1 GeV p + 238U

  38. 1 GeV p + 238U INCL4 ABRA ISABEL

  39. 1 GeV p + 238U INCL4 ABRA ISABEL

  40. 1 GeV p + 238U ABRABLA07

  41. 1 GeV p + 238U ABRABLA07

  42. 1 GeV p + 238U ABRABLA07

  43. 1 GeV p + 238U INCL4+ABLA07

  44. 1 GeV p + 238U INCL4+ABLA07

  45. 1 GeV p + 238U INCL4+ABLA07

  46. 1 GeV p + 238U ISABEL+ABLA07

  47. 1 GeV p + 238U ISABEL+ABLA07

  48. 1 GeV p + 238U ISABEL+ABLA07

  49. 1 GeV p + 238U ratio exp/calc INCL4 ABRA ISABEL

  50. Conclusions What can still be done in ABLA: • Improvement of even-odd effect • More physics content in the break-up stage (not so important for spallation reactions) Further improvements: • Necessity of fixing the initial conditions of the de-excitation process  Spaladin experiments

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