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LOGIC AND CRITICAL THINKING

Dr. Andreas Yumarma. LOGIC AND CRITICAL THINKING. First Meeting. Sense of Logic. Study of the methods and principles used to distinguish correct from incorrect reasoning (Irving M. Copy & Carl Cohen, 1990)

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LOGIC AND CRITICAL THINKING

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  1. Dr. Andreas Yumarma LOGIC AND CRITICAL THINKING First Meeting

  2. Sense of Logic Study of the methods and principles used to distinguish correct from incorrect reasoning (Irving M. Copy & Carl Cohen, 1990) The art that directs the reasoning process so that man may attain knowledge of the truth in an orderly way, with ease, and without error (St. Thomas Aquinas as quoted by Juan Jose Sanguinetti, 1992)

  3. Logic is the way of correct thinking in the process of argumentation

  4. Sense of Critical Thinking • Critical Thinking is reasonable and reflective thinking that is focused on deciding what to believe and do (Cf. Norris and Ennis, 1989) • Critical Thinking is a mode of thinking –about any subject, content or problem- in which the thinker improves the quality of his or her thinking by skillfully taking charge of the structures inherent in thinking and imposing intellectual standard upon them (Paul, fischer and Nosich, 1993,4)

  5. Benefits of learning Logic & Critical Thinking (LCT) • It trains us to think correctly, Critically and creatively • It fosters simple, clear and effective reasoning habits • It is necessary for drawing conclusions from their premises, and to pinpoint the the possible errors that may have crept in through faculty reasoning • It ensures the formal correctness of the reasoning process. • It helps scientist to organise ideas, express them with precision, and draw from them all the possible conclusion

  6. Objective Upon completion of this course, students are expected to be able to: • Think logically, critically and creatively • implement logic in an coherence of ideas and arguments • Detect fallacies and inconsistency or common mistakes in reasoning • Make good argument and conclusion • implement critical thinking attitudes in understanding, discussions and debates • Being more skillful in solving problems

  7. Method of learning • Explanation of the basic principles and that of topic • Problem based learning • Assignment/Homework and exercises

  8. Learning Evaluation • Presence 10% • Quizzes 10 % • Homework/assignment 20 % • Mid test 30 % • Final test 30 %

  9. Syllabus • Introduction: Objectives, method of learning, Syllabus, evaluation, reference, Introduction:What is Logic and critical Thinking, Benefits of learning Logic and Critical Thinking (LCT). • Basic terms in Logic and Crtical Thinking. Uses of languange • Mastery of using Concept and Abstraction • Quiz-Definition • Deductive Logic, Categorical syllogism • Fallacies

  10. 7. Categorial Proposition 8. Categorical Syllogism 7. Mid Term Exam 8. Argumentation in ordinary language 9. Inductive Logic, Analogy 10. Analogy and Probable Inference 11. Critical Thinking 12. Construction of argument and evaluation 13. Logic and Critical Thinking as basis of scientific Method , Objective rationality, and that of problem solving 14. Final Exam

  11. Reference • Irving M. Copi, Carl Cohen, Introduction of Logic, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1994 • Juan Jose Sanguetti, Logic, Manila: Sinag_Tala Publishers, 1992

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