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Lipids (fats) Carbohydrates (sugar) Protein

Lipids (fats) Carbohydrates (sugar) Protein. ENERGY. 1 st Law of Thermodynamics Energy can’t be created or destroyed, it can only change forms. chemical → mechanical. chemical → mechanical. electrical → mechanical. heat → mechanical. Photosynthesis.

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Lipids (fats) Carbohydrates (sugar) Protein

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  1. Lipids (fats) • Carbohydrates (sugar) • Protein

  2. ENERGY • 1st Law of Thermodynamics • Energy can’t be created or destroyed, it can only change forms. chemical → mechanical chemical→ mechanical electrical → mechanical heat → mechanical

  3. Photosynthesis 6 CO2 + 6H2O + energy→ C6H12O6 + 6O2

  4. Metabolism • Metabolism = The sum of all reactions occurring in an organism • Catabolism – reactions involved in the breakdown of biomolecules; release heat/energy • Anabolism – reactions involved in the synthesis of biomolecules; absorb heat/energy • .

  5. ANABOLIC CATABOLIC

  6. Metabolism • Metabolism is the sum of catabolism and anabolism.

  7. Free Energy (G) A + B → C A + B Free Energy (G) 10 C 5 If A + B has more free energy than C, then the change in free energy (G) is negative. Product (C) – Reactants (A + B) 5-10 = -5 If energy is given off in a reaction; G is negative; favorable; catabolic

  8. A + B → C C Free Energy (G) 10 A + B 5 If A + B has less free energy than C, then the change in free energy (G) is positive. Product (C) – Reactants (A + B) 10-5 = +5 If energy is absorbed in a reaction; G is positive; unfavorable; anabolic

  9. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 6 CO2 + 6H2O + energy→ C6H12O6 + 6O2 G = +686 kcal energy C6H12O6 + 6 O2 Free Energy (G) 686 6 CO2 + 6 H2O

  10. CATABOLISM OF FOOD

  11. ATP = Adenosine Triphosphate

  12. ATP → ADP + P ATP Free Energy (G) 7.3 kcal ADP + P (G)Products – (G)Reactants = G [ADP + P] - ATP G = -7.3 kcal

  13. 7.3 kcal 7.3 kcal ATP→ ADP + P + energy Energy is given off;G is negative ADP + P + energy → ATP Energy is absorbed; G is positive

  14. MITOCHONDRIA

  15. Metabolism = The sum of all reactions occurring in an organism • Goal is to couple reactions that give off energy with those that absorb energy A + B → AB AB is higher energy than A and B alone G is positive; requires input of energy; unfavorable ATP → ADP + P ADP and P are lower energy than ATP G is negative; releases energy; favorable

  16. A + B + ATP→ AB + ADP + P Coupled Reactions A + B → AB G = +4.3 kcal ATP → ADP + P G = -7.3 kcal G =-3.0 Overall G for coupled reaction = -3.0 kcal Coupled reaction would be FAVORABLE

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