It is application of interconnected set of principles and methods to minimize the problem caused by insects, diseases, w

1. What is IPM? It is application of interconnected set of principles and methods to minimize the problem caused by insects, diseases, weeds and others agricultural pests. IPM Techniques Includes Pest protection technique. Bio-control methods Pest attractants and repellants Synthetic organic pesticides Cultural practices in cultivation Pest monitoring methods Pest resistant plant varieties Use of Bio-pesticides Weather data for prediction of pest attack

2. Tools of IPM • Cultural method • Tillage Practices • Sanitation and Weed Control • Destruction of Crop Residues • Sowing time and Spacing • Land Preparation and Fertilizer Management. • Water Management Land Preparation Weed Control

3. 1. Cultural method • Pest Resistant Varieties Rice: IR-20, Vani Cultivar resistant to Leaf hopper. Mango: Baneshan, Neeleshan Cultivar resistant to Leaf Hoppers. Tomato: BT-1, T-32, T-27 Cultivar resistant to Fruit borer. • Crop Rotation Rice- Legume- Vegetables (Rice gall midge) Sugarcane/ Chilies- Tobacco (White ants) • Use of Trap Crop Main Crop Trap cropPest Cucurbit Sun hemp Fruit Fly Vegetable Marigold Nematode

4. Mechanical Methods • Insects are directly hit by mechanical devices and lifecycle is hampered • Hand picking • Beating and hooking • Sieving and winnowing • Clipping • Using nets and bag nets • Swatting and crushing • Brushing and sweeping • Burning, Flooding and draining Flooding Practice to Control Pest

5. 3. Physical Methods • Sound: Ultrasonic waves • Heat and Radiation • Cold and Moisture • Light: light trap • Air Pressure: increasing Carbon di-oxide in store house Light Trap

6. 4. Chemical Method a. Use of Botanical Insecticides • Pyrethrin from Chrysanthemum • Azadirachtin from Neem • Rotenone from Derris elliptica • Nicotine from Tobacco

7. b. Repellants • Mustard oil / Turmeric powder water: Mosquito • Fire / smoke: Mosquito • Dimethyl Phthalate: Insect Mustard Oil Turmeric Powder

8. c. Insect Growth Regulators • Examples: Diflubenzuron, Triflumuron, Azadirachtin, etc. • d. Chemical Insecticide

9. e. Insect Attractant • Allomones: Ants, bees and beetles. • Kairomones: Hymenoptera • Pheromones: Noctuidera, Lepidoptera, • Homoptera, etc. • Natural Food Lures: • Floral scents: Nectar Feeding Pest • Essential oils: Phytophagus Insect • Decomposing products: Scavengers • f. New Generation Chemicals • Neonicotinoides Formamidines Nereistoxin • Avermectins Pyrrole Quinazoline Pheromone Trap

10. 5. Biological Methods • Predator: Birds, Snakes and other Reptiles • Parasitoids: Trichogramma, Cotesia, Isotima, etc. • Pathogens • Ingested microbes: • Bacteria: Bacillus, Psedomonas, etc. • Viruses: Nuclear & Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Virus • Protozoa: Adelina triboli, Muttesia, etc. • Penetrating microbes • Fungi: Aspergillus, Verticillium, etc. • Nematodes: Tripius, Mermis, etc.

11. 6. Biotechnological Methods • Identification of Parasites/Pathogens/Predators: e.g. Lady Bird Beetle, Mexican Beetle • Monitoring genetic variation in natural enemy population: e.g. BT Cotton, BT Brinjal, etc. • Production of transgenic plants: e.g. Tomato, Brinjal, etc. • Create Pesticide resistance in Bio-control agent • Genetic engineering of beneficial organisms